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| Scientists: 60 elements discovered with determined atomic mass. Classified them in groups |
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| Lithium, sodium, potassium |
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Chlorine, bromine, and iodine
Saltlike |
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| 1829, German Chemist. Classified elements into Triads. |
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3 elements, similar chem properties
ex. Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine |
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| average atomic mass of other 2 elements. Also density |
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| Russian Chemist, Developed Periodic Table. Realized elements reapeted in an orderly way by chem and phys props |
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| Lightest to heaviest, horrizontal rows |
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Tendency to recur at regular intervals
Ex. Periodic Table |
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| Statement, physical and chemical props of element repeat in regular pattern, ordered in increasing atomic number |
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elements with full complement of valence electrons, unreactive. Noble gas element ends every row.
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elements that have er, conduct heat, electricity, and bend without breaking. All metals have 1, 2, or 3 valence electrons (not tin, lead, and bismuth) Metal element begins every new row
located mostly (Group 3-12) = transition element = metal
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| elements in Groups 3-12, all metals |
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first series of inner transition elements, follow atomic number 57 and end 71
(rare earth elements) |
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second series of inner transition, Atomic numbers range from 90 to 103
Radioactive
None beyond Uranium(92) occur in nature |
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don't conduct electricity, much poorer conductors of heat than metal, and brittle when solid
Most gasses
5,6,7, or 8 valence electrons (not carbon) |
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chem, physical props of metals and other props of nonmetals
Border between metal, nonmetal
most semiconductors
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element does not conduct electricity as well as a metal, but better than a nonmetal.
better conduct electric charge = adding bits other elements |
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| Similar Property Elements |
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| Put togethor in a horizontal row, also similar elements similar in vertical rows |
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| Simble for undiscovered element |
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= number of electrons in the element. Sets order for periodic table. +1 every new element left to right.
The arrangment of Elements does not matter about the atomic mass. |
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Horizontal Row,
If all electrons cant fit in energy level, element starts a new period with remaining electrons and becomes first element in a group |
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(Family) consists of elements in a vertical column
Ex. Lithium, first group, period 2 |
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| Each starting period noble gas, add 1 valence electron each new period up to 18 = 8 valence electron. |
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Main = 1=1,2=2,13=3,14=4,15=5,16=6,17=7,18=8
Elements in same group = similar props because the same valence electron # |
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| man made elements, made from nuclear reaction |
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Classified by chem and phys props
Blue= metals = majority= left side
yellow= non-metal= right corner
green= metalloid= boundary between m, n
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prop differences = different ways electrons arranged.
behavior = #, arrangement, tightness of valence electrons |
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| Electrons and Electricity |
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Elec current = flow of electrons
Current = val electrons not held tightly, free move
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| Semiconductor elec conduction |
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| addition of small amount other element to semiconductorto increase electrical conductivity |
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| Doped element with extra electron (negatively charged) |
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| Doped element with extra electrons (positive charged) |
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n-type + p-type = diode
Electrical flow: negative terminal to positive terminal |
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| depend entirely on valence electons |
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