basket stars and brittle stars are members of the class

a. holothuroidea

b. echinoidea

c. ophiuridea

d. crinoidea

sea urchin: a fused endoskeleton::

a. soft body: sea cucumber

b. sand dollars: an exoskeleton

c. basket stars: thick, rigid arms

d. sea stars: distinct arms

the symmetry exhibited by adult echinoderms is

a. bilateral

b. mirror image

c. radial

d. spherical

vertebrates, tunicates and lancelets

a. are all terrestrial heterotrophs

b. are all members of the phylum chordata

c. are all marine fish

d. all have a backbone in the adult stage

lancelets

a. are animals that live near the ocean surface

b. filter food from water that enters the mouth

c. are the first animals that evolved backbonds

d. have chordate features only in the larva stage

which of the following are echinoderms

a. sand dollars

b. sea stars

c. sea urchins

d. all of the above

which of the following are sessile as adults

a. sea urchins

b. feather stars

c. sea lilies

d. sand dollars

echinoderms have all of the following except

a. cephalization

b. ossicles

c. symmetry

d. tube feet

which of the following develops into the brain and spinal cord in humans

a. notochord

b. postanal tail

c. dorsal nerve cord

d. pharyngeal pouches

tunicates: in deep water::

a. lancelets: near the waters surface

b. lancelets: in mud or sand

c. tentacles: in sea urchin mouths

d. ossicles: in lancelets

the name echinoderm means

a. second mouth

b. spiny skin

c. outer skin

d. little bone

some sea stars can reproduce asexually by

a. growing an extra arm that separates from the parent and forms a new individual

b. dividing in half through the central region and regenerating the missing halves

c. growing longer and longer arms that eventually break off and form new individuals

d. all of the above

which embryonic chordate characteristics do lancelets retain as adults

a. notochord, dorsal nerve chord, postanal tail, pharyngeal pouches

b. notochord, dorsal nerve cord

c. notocord, postanal tail

d. notochord, dorsal nerve cord, postanal tail

sea stars are members of the class

a. ehinoidea

b. asteroidea

c. ophiuroidea

d. crinoidea

sea urchins and sand dollars are members of the class

a. ophiuroidea

b. crinoidea

c. echinoidea

d. holothuroidea

echinoderms

a. have an exoskeleton as adults

b. are radially symmetrical as larvae and as adults

c. are radially symmetrical as larvae and bilaterally symmetrical as adults

d. are bilaterally symmetrical as larvae and radially symmetrical as adults

embryological evidence suggests that the echinoderms are closely related to the

a. annelids

b. chordates

c. arthropods

d. arachnids

some scientists have hypothesized that the first vertebrates, which were fish, may have evolved from an ancestral tunicate that became sexually mature in larval form. they suggest that these reproducing larvae were successful and natural selection reinforced the absence of metamorphosis to the adult. which of the following statements doesnt support the hypotheiss that vertebrates evolved from sexually mature larvae?

a. many invertebrates, all tunicate larvae and adults and the earliest vertebrates are or were filter feeders

b. adult tunicates are sessile and larval tunicates are free swimming

c. the vertebral column of adult vertebrates replaces the notochord present in embryonic vertebrates

d. some living urochordates are free swimming only as larvae

sea cucumbers are members of the class

a. crinoidea

b. ophiuroidea

c. holothuroidea

d. echinoidea

sea lilies and feather stars are members of the class

a. echinoidea

b. holothuroidea

c. ophiuroidea

d. crinoidea

the subphylum vertebrata includes all of the following except

a. birds

b. lancelets

c. fish

d. reptiles