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| a flower equipped with both stamens and carpels |
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| A mass of dividing, undifferentiated cells at the cut end of a shoot. |
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| The covering of the young shoot of the embryo of a grass seed. |
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| The covering of the young root of the embryo of a grass seed. |
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| A flower that has all four basic floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. |
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| A term typically used to describe an angiosperm species in which carpellate and staminate flowers are on separate plants. |
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| A condition typified by extremely low metabolic rate and a suspension of growth and development. |
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| In an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis above the point of attachment of the cotyledon(s). |
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| A means of asexual reproduction whereby a single parent breaks into parts that regenerate into whole new individuals. |
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| plant hormone that generally acts to inhibit growth |
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| A term that primarily refers to indoleacetic acid (IAA), a natural plant hormone that has a variety of effects, including cell elongation, root formation, secondary growth, and fruit growth. |
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Definition
| A physiological cycle of about 24 hours that is present in all eukaryotic organisms and that persists even in the absence of external cues. |
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| An iron-containing protein, a component of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts. |
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Definition
| A class of related plant hormones that retard aging and act in concert with auxin to stimulate cell division, influence the pathway of differentiation, and control apical dominance. |
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Definition
| A plant whose flowering is not affected by photoperiod. |
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Definition
| The only gaseous plant hormone. Among its many effects are response to mechanical stress, programmed cell death, leaf abscission, and fruit ripening. |
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Definition
| A class of related plant hormones that stimulate growth in the stem and leaves, trigger the germination of seeds and breaking of bud dormancy, and stimulate fruit development with auxin. |
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| In multicellular organisms, one of many types of circulating chemical signals that are formed in specialized cells, travel in body fluids, and act on specific target cells to change their functioning. |
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Definition
| A plant that flowers (usually in late spring or early summer) only when the light period is longer than a critical length. |
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Definition
| In an angiosperm embryo, the embryonic axis below the point of attachment of the cotyledon(s) and above the radicle. |
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Definition
| A flower in which one or more of the four basic floral organs (sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels) are either absent or nonfunctional. |
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Definition
| A term typically used to describe an angiosperm species in which carpellate and staminate flowers are on the same plant. |
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Definition
| The thickened wall of a fruit. |
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Definition
| The twig grafted onto the stock when making a graft. |
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Definition
| The ability of a seed plant to reject its own pollen and sometimes the pollen of closely related individuals. |
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Definition
| A physiological response to photoperiod, the relative lengths of night and day. An example of photoperiodism is flowering. |
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| Growth of a plant shoot toward or away from light. |
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Definition
| An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein. |
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Definition
| An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from proteins, often functioning to reverse the effect of a protein kinase. |
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Definition
| A small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell’s interior in response to a signal received by a signal receptor protein. |
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Definition
| A plant that flowers (usually in late summer, fall, or winter) only when the light period is shorter than a critical length. |
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Definition
| In plants, a specialized plastid that contains dense starch grains and may play a role in detecting gravity; in invertebrates, a grain or other dense granule that settles in response to gravity and is found in sensory organs that function in equilibrium. |
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Definition
| A response in plants to chronic mechanical stimulation, resulting from increased ethylene production. An example is thickening stems in response to strong winds. |
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| A directional growth of a plant in response to touch. |
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Definition
| A growth response that results in the curvature of whole plant organs toward or away from stimuli owing to differential rates of cell elongation. |
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