Term
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Definition
| the study of cellular structure and function |
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Term
| sex cells (reproductive cells or germ cells) |
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Definition
sperm (spermatazoa)males
oocytes (eggs)females |
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| somatic cells (body cells) |
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Definition
| All the rest of the cells in the body except the sex cells |
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Definition
| the outer boundary of a cell |
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| functions of cell membrane |
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Definition
1.physical isolation
2.regulation of exchange with the environment
3.sensitivity to the environment |
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Term
| the plasma membrane is called what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intracellular fluid (inside the cell)-contains dissolved nutrients, ions, soluble and insoluble proteins, and waste products. |
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Definition
| part of the plasma membrane and cannot be easily separated without damaging or destroying the membrane. Greatly outnumber peripheral proteins. |
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Definition
| bound to the inner or outer surface of the membrane and are easily separated from it. |
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Definition
| attach the plasma membrane to other structures and stabilize its position. |
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Term
| Recognition proteins (identifiers) |
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Definition
| The cells of the immune system recognize other cells as normal or abnormal based on the presence or absence of characteristic recognition proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| they catalyze reactions in the extracellular fluid or in the cytosol depending on where the protein and its active site are. |
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Definition
| Sensitive to the presence of specific extracellular molecules called ligands. |
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Term
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Definition
| bind solutes and transport them across the plasma membrane.May require ATP as an energy source. |
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Term
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Definition
| forms a passageway completely through the plasma membrane.Permits water and small solutes to move across the plasma membrane. |
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Definition
| parts of complex molecules. The carbohydrate portion of these large molecules extend beyond the outer surface of the membrane forming the glycocalyx. |
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Term
| functions of the glycocalyx |
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Definition
1.lubrication and protection-the glycolipids and the glycoproteins form a viscous (thick and sticky)layer
2.anchoring and locomotion-because of the sticky layer
3.specificity in binding-glycoproteins and glycolipids can function as receptors.
4.recognition-cells involved with the immune response recognize glycolipids and glycoproteins as normal or abnormal. |
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Term
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Definition
| The material between the plasma membrane and the membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Contains cytosol and organelles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structures suspended in the cytosol that perform specific functions |
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Term
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Definition
| A non-membranous organelle made up of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules. |
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Term
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Definition
| the smallest of the cytoskeleton elements made up of actin |
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Term
| functions of microfilaments |
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Definition
1.Anchor the cytoskeleton to integral proteins of the plasma membrane.
2.Interacting with other proteins determine the consistency of the cytoplasm
3.Actin can produce movement of a portion of a cell or change the shape of the entire cell by interacting with the protein myosin |
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Term
| Functions of intermediate filaments |
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Definition
1.strengthen the cell and help maintain its shape
2.stabilize the position of organelles
3.stabilize the position of the cell with respect to surrounding cells |
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Term
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Definition
hollow tubes made from tubulin.
1.form the main portion of the cytoskeleton
2.change the shape of the cell and may assist in cell movement
3.serve as monorail system to move vesicles or other organelles within the cell.
4.During cell division they distribute duplicated chromosomes to opposite ends of the cell (spindle apparatus)
5.Form structural components of organelles such as centrioles and cilia |
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Definition
| Made of myosin, found only in muscle cells |
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Definition
| Small finger-shaped projections of the plasma membrane on their exposed surfaces. |
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Definition
| A region of cytoplasm next to the nucleus in a cell. Surrounds a pair of centrioles. |
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Definition
| long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane. Motile cilia are found in the respiratory and reproductive tracts. |
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Definition
| Lie perpendicular to each other, have a 9+0 array. Aid in forming the spindle apparatus |
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Definition
| extension of the plasma membrane, found only on sperm cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Responsible for protein synthesis. The number varies with the type of cell and its demand for new proteins. Ex. Liver cells have more than fat cells |
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Term
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Definition
| scattered throughout the cytoplasm, their proteins directly enter the cytosol. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum, their proteins enter the ER |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain proteases that remove protein from the cytoplasm. Ubiquitin, a molecular "tag" |
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Definition
| A network of intracellular membranes continuous with the nuclear envelope, which surrounds the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
1.Synthesis of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.
2.Storage of synthesized molecules or materials absorbed from the cytosol.
3.Transport
4.Detoxification-can absorb drugs or toxins and neutralize them with enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
No ribosomes attached.
1.synthesis of the phospholipids and cholesterol needed for maintenance and growth of the plasma membrane, ER, nuclear membrane, and Golgi apparatus in all cells
2.Synthesis of steroid hormones (androgen and estrogen) in the reproductive organs.
3.Synthesis and storage of glycerides, esp. triglycerides in liver and fat cells.
4.Synthesis and storage of glycogen in skeletal muscle and liver cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| combination workshop and shipping warehouse to the Golgi apparatus |
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Term
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Definition
consists of 5 o6 flattened membranous discs called cisternae.
1.Modifies and packages secretions for release from the cell.
2.Renews or modifies the plasma membrane.
3.Packages special enzymes within vesicles (Lysosomes) for use in the cytoplasm. |
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