Term
Which of the following statements is correct?
A. Logic is the science of correct reasoning.
B. Most common sense knowledge about the social world is sound.
C. Deductive logic is more useful to social researchers than inductive research.
D. Inductive logic is more useful to physical scientists than deductive research.
E. All of the above |
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Definition
A. Logic is the science of correct reasoning. |
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Term
A logical argument is one in which the conclusion or generalization:
A. is identical to the premises or evidence.
B. replaces at least one premise or piece of evidence.
C. is not related to the premises or evidence.
D. determines the premises or evidence.
E. follows from the premises or evidence. |
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Definition
E. Follows from the premises or evidence. |
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Term
The rule that "the conclusion must be true if the premises are true and complete:"
A. is naive.
B. Applies to deductive arguments.
C. applies to inductive arguments.
D. applies to deductive and inductive arguments.
E. does not apply in social science. |
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Definition
B. Applies to deductive arguments. |
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Term
Deductive research:
A. begins with hypothesis testing.
B. begins with systematic observation and collection of evidence.
C. begins with generalizations.
D. begins with a theory.
E. none of the above. |
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Definition
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Term
A theory is:
A. an explanation of the relationship between things.
B. a premise on which conclusions are based.
C. a spurious relationship.
D. reconstructed logic.
E. logic. |
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Definition
A. an explanation of the relationship between thing |
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Term
It is not difficult to find examples of good and bad logic in everyday life. Below are some examples for you to evaluate. In each case, indicate whether the statement implies sound reasoning (i.e., good logic) or fallacious reasoning (i.e., bad logic). From a letter to the editor: "Birth control pills came into widespread use in the 1960s. Since that time, the life expectancy of women has increased significantly. This proves that birth control pills promote women's health.
A. Sound reasoning, no fallacy involved.
B. Fallacy: Hasty generalization.
C. Fallacy: Appeal to unreliable authority.
D. Fallacy of false cause (spurious relationship)
E. Fallacy of the wrong level (ecological or reductionist) |
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Definition
D. Fallacy of false cause (spurious relationship) |
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Term
(Overheard at a sociology faculty meeting): "According to the American Sociological Association, courses in social research methods are crucial elements in an undergraduate sociology curriculum. Therefore, our department must offer a research methods course for undergraduates."
A. Sound reasoning, no fallacy involved.
B. Fallacy: Hasty generalization
C. Fallacy: Appeal to unreliable authority
D. Fallacy of false cause (spurious relationship)
E. Fallacy of the wrong level (ecological or reductionist) |
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Definition
A. Sound reasoning, no fallacy involved. |
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Term
I used excellent sources for my research paper, therefore, my research paper is also excellent.
Fallacy: Hasty generalization
A. Sound reasoning, no fallacy involved.
B. Fallacy: Hasty generalization
C. Fallacy: Appeal to unreliable authority
D. Fallacy of the false cause (spurious relationship)
E. Fallacy of the wrong level (ecological or reductionist) |
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Definition
| E. Fallacy of the wrong level (ecological or reductionist) |
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Term
(Overheard in line waiting for a latte): "I never used to be superstitious, but last week I walked under a ladder on my way to biology class and I failed the quiz! It's like they say, 'the proof is in the pudding'-next time, I will avoid ladders!"
A. Sound reasoning, no fallacy involved.
B. Fallacy: Hasty generalization
C. Fallacy: Appeal to unreliable authority
D. Fallacy of false cause (spurious relationship)
E. Fallacy of the wrong level (ecological or reductionist) |
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Definition
D. Fallacy of false cause (spurious relationship) |
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Term
(Overheard at the grocery store): "Did you hear about Chris? He got the flu even though he had his flu shot. The same thing happened to Lucy. I told my mom that those flu shots were pointless."
A. Sound reasoning, no fallacy involved.
B. Fallacy: Hasty generalization
C. Fallacy: Appeal to unreliable authority
D. Fallacy of false cause (spurious relationship)
E. Fallacy of the wrong level (ecological or reductionist) |
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Definition
B. Fallacy: Hasty generalization |
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