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chapter 3
vocab
28
Biology
9th Grade
10/16/2011

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Term
organic compounds
Definition
made primarily of carbon atoms
Term
functional group
Definition
clusters of atoms that influence the characteristics of the molecules they compose and the chemical reactions the molecules undergo
Term
monomer
Definition
carbon coupmounds built up from smaller simpler molocules
Term
polymer
Definition
a molocule that consists of repeated linked units
Term
macromolecule
Definition
large polymers
Term
condensation reaction
Definition
monomers linked to form polomyrs through a chemical reaction
Term
hydrolysis
Definition
water that is used to brake down polomyrs
Term
adenosine triphosphate
Definition
cells that store a large amount of energy in there overall structure
Term
carbohydrate
Definition
organic compunds composed of carbon
Term
monosaccharide
Definition
monomer of a carbo hydrate
Term
disaccharide
Definition
condensaation reaction to form a double sugar
Term
polysaccharide
Definition
complkex molocule comosed of three or more momosacarides
Term
protein
Definition
organic copounds composed mainly of carbon
Term
amino acid
Definition
protienns formed from the likage of monomers
Term
peptide bond
Definition
two amino acids that form a covalent bond
Term
polypeptide
Definition
very long chains of amino acids
Term
enzyme
Definition
rna or protiend molocules that act as ilogical catalysts
Term
substrate
Definition
enzyme reactions depend on phiscal fit between its azyme molocule
Term
active site
Definition
a shape that allows substrate to fold
Term
lipid
Definition
large nonpolar organic molocules
Term
fatty acid
Definition
unbranced carbon chians that make up most fatty acids
Term
phospholipid
Definition
have to fatty acids attahced to a molocule og glyseroul
Term
wax
Definition
type of structural lipid consitsting of a long fatty acid chaain oined to a long alchoal chain
Term
steroid
Definition
composed of four fused carbon ring with various functional groups attahced to them
Term
nucleic acid
Definition
complex organic molocules that store and stanfer inportant information in the cell
Term
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
Definition
contians information that determines the characterists of an organism and directs its cells activities
Term
ribonucleic acid (RNA)
Definition
stores and tranfers information from dna it is esential for the manufacture of protiensdd
Term
nucleotide
Definition
3 main components phosphate group, 5 carbon sugar,and a ring shaped nitrogenius base
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