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| The simplest organic compound containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms. |
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| In an organic compound, the group of atoms involved in chemical reactions. |
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| Large biological molecules. |
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| Categories of Macromolecules |
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- cabohydrates
- proteins
- nucleic acids
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| Large molecules made by stringing together many smaller molecules. |
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| Chemical reaction that removes a molecule of water in order to link monomers together. |
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| The process of breaking down polymers. Cells break bonds between monomers by adding water to them. |
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| Class of molecules that includes sugars and polymers of sugars. |
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| Molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures. |
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| Double sugar; constructed from two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction. |
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| Complex carbohydrates; long chain of sugars; polymners of monosaccharides. |
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| Long strings of glucose monomers (examples: potatoes, wheat, corn, rice) |
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| Polymer of extensively branched glucose monomers; stored in liver and muscle cells, which break down the glycogen to release glucose when you need energy. (found in animals and people) |
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| Polymer of glucose; forms cable-like fibrils in the tough walls that enclose plant cells. |
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| Water-loving molecules; absorb water. |
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| Water-fearing; do not mix with water. |
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| Diverse group of molecules made from different "building blocks." |
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| Glycerol molecule joined with 3 fatty acid molecules via dehydration reactions. |
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| Fatty acid that has fewer than the maximum number of hydrogens at the double bond. (Bends where there is a double bond in the carbon skeleton.) |
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| Fatty acid that contains the maximum number of hydrogen atoms. (All three fatty acid tails are saturated and have a straight shape.) |
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| Lipid-containing deposits called plaque build up along the inside walls of blood vessels, reducing blod flow and increasing risk of heart attacks and strokes. |
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| A process that converts unsaturated fats to saturated fats by adding hydrogen. |
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| A type of unsaturated fat this is particularly bad for your health. Created by the hydrogenation process. |
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| Have a carbon skeleton with 4 fused rings. Vary in the functional groups attached to this set of rings and these chemical variations affect their function. |
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| Polymer of amino acid monomers. Elaborate and diverse. |
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Consists of central carbon atom bonded to 4 covalent partners.
[image] |
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| The bond between adjacent amino acids. |
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| Long chain of amino acids. |
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| Specific amino acid sequence (the "spelling" of a polypeptide). |
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| Levels of Protein Structure |
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- Primary Structure
- Secondary Structure
- Tertiary Structure
- Quaternary Structure
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| Change in environment that cause a protein to unravel and lose its normal shape. |
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| Macromolecules that store information and provide instructions for building proteins. |
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| Specific stretch of DNA that programs the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide. |
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| Monomers that form the nucleic acids. |
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| A repeating pattern of sugar-phosphate-sugar-phosphate, with the bases (A, T, C, or G) hanging off the backbone like appendages. |
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| Form because a molecule of cellular DNA is double-stranded with 2 polynucletide strands wrapped around each other. |
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