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| A descriptive method in which already existing records are reexamined for a new purpose. |
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| The descriptive record of an individual's experiences, behaviors, or both kept by an outside observer. |
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| A form of case study in which deviant individuals are compared with those who are not to identify the significant differences between them. |
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| Contemporary phenomenology that relies on the researcher's own experiences, experiential data provided by study participants, or other available sources such as literature or popular media; a qualitative approach. |
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| How well the findings of an experiment generalize or apply to people and settings that were not tested directly. |
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| A non-experimental research method used in the field or in a real-life, setting, typically employing a variety of techniques, including naturalistic observation and unobtrusive measures or survey tools, such as questionnaires and interviews. |
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| A type of group interview; it is an organized discussion session with a small group of people, usually led by a trained facilitator. |
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| The certainty that the changes in behavior observed across treatment conditions were actually caused by differences in treatments. |
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| A descriptive, non-experimental method of observing behaviors as they occur spontaneously in natural settings. |
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| The set of attitudes, values, beliefs, methods, and procedures that are generally accepted within a particular discipline at a certain point in time. |
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| Participant-Observer Study |
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Definition
| A special kind of field observation in which the researcher actually becomes part of the group being studied. |
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| A non-experimental method of gathering data by attending to and describing one's own immediate experience. |
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| Research that relies on words rather than numbers for the data being collected; it focuses on self-reports, personal narratives, and expression of ideas, memories, feelings, and thoughts. |
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| The tendency of subjects to alter their behavior or responses when they are aware of the presence of an observer. |
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| Data collected in the present based on recollection of past events; apt to be inaccurate because of faulty memory, bias, mood, and situation. |
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| A system for recording observations; each observation is recorded using specific rules or guidelines, so observations are more objective. |
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| A procedure used to assess subjects' behaviors without their knowledge; used to obtain more objective data. |
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