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Chapter 3
Daily Grade
26
Biology
9th Grade
09/28/2010

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Term
Light Microscope
Definition
Light passes through one or more lenses to produce an enlarged image of a specimen.
Term
Electron Microscope
Definition
Forms an image of a specimen using a beam of electrons rather than light.
Term
Magnification
Definition
The quality of making an image appear larger than its actual size.
Term
Resolution
Definition
A measure of clarity of an image.
Term
Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Definition
Uses a needle-like probe to measure differences in voltage caused by electrons that leak, or tunnel, from the surface of the object being viewed.
Term
Cell Theory
Definition
1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are basic units of structure and functions in organisms.
3. All cells arise from existing cells.
Term
Cell Membrane
Definition
The outer boundary of a cell.
Term
Cytoplasm
Definition
Cell interior.
Term
Cytoskeleton
Definition
System of microscopic fibers.
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
Cellular structures on which proteins are made.
Term
Prokaryote
Definition
A single-celled organism that lacks a nucleus and other internal compartments.
Term
Cell Wall
Definition
Surrounds the cell membrane and provides structure and support.
Term
Flagella
Definition
Long threadlike structures that protrude from the cell's surface and enable movement
Term
Eukaryote
Definition
An organism whose cells have a nucleus.
Term
Nucleus
Definition
An internal compartment that houses the cell's DNA.
Term
Organelle
Definition
A structure that carries out specific activities in the cell.
Term
Cilia
Definition
Short hairlike structures that protrude from the surface of some eukaryotic cells.
Term
Phosopholipid
Definition
A lipid made of phosphate group and two fatty acids.
Term
Lipid Bilayer
Definition
A double layer in which the phospholipids are arranged.
Term
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Definition
An extensive system of internal membranes that move proteins and other substances through the cell.
Term
Vesicle
Definition
A small membrane-bound sac that transport substances in cells.
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
A set of flattened membrane-bound sacs that serve as the packaging and distribution center of the cell.
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
Small, spherical organelles that contain the cell's digestive enzymes.
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
An organelle that harvest energy from organic compounds to make ATP, the main energy currency of cells.
Term
Chloropasts
Definition
Organelles that use light energy to make carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
Term
Central Vacuole
Definition
Stores water and may contain many substances, including ions, nutrients, and waste.
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