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| smallest unit of life tha can funtion independantly |
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| all organims are made of one or more cells, and the cell is the fundamental unit of all life. |
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| structures that manufacture proteins |
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| the fluid that occupies much of the volume of the cell |
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| (plasma Membrane) that forms a boundary between the cell and its enviroment. |
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| simplest and most ancient forms of life, are organisms whose cells lack a nucleus |
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| cells contain a nucleus and other membranous organelles |
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| the area where the cell's circular DNA molecule congregates |
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| surrounds the cell membrane of most bacteria, protecting the cell and preventing it from bursting if it absorbs to much water. |
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| are tail like appendages that enable these cells to move |
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| compartments that carry out specialized funcitons in the cell |
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| glycerol bonds to only two fatty acids; the third carbon binds to a phosphate gorup attached to addional atoms. |
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| two-layered, sandwitchlike structure, the hydrophilic surfaces (the bread of the sandwhich) are exposed to the watery medium outside and inside the cell. Hydrophobic tails face each other on the inside of the sandwich, like cheese between the bread slices. The bilayer forms a three demensional sphere, not a flat surface. |
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| cell membrane, because diverse molecules (the peices of the "mosaic") drift frelly among the phospholipids |
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| transport proteins embedded in teh phospoliped bilayer create passageways through which water-soluble molecules and ions pass into or out of the cell |
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| proteins that facilitate chemical reactions that otherwise would proceed too slowly to sustain life |
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| carbohydrates attached to cell surface proteins serve as "name tags" that help the body's immune sytem recognized its own cells. |
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| these membrane proteins bind to hormones and other molecules outside the cell and trigger a response inside the cell. |
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| consists of several interacting organelles: the nuclear envelope,endoplasmic reticulum,golgi apparatus,lysomomes,vacuoles,and cell membrane |
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| most prominent organelle in most eukaryotic cells. Contains DNA, and informational molecule that specifies the "recipe" for every protein a cell can make |
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| holes in teh double-membrane |
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| separates the nucleus form the cytoplasm |
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| dense spot that assembles the componets of ribosomes |
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| network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes |
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| because the ribosomes give the membrans a roughened appearance |
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| synthesizes lipeds, and adjacent to the rough ER |
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| organelle is a stack of flat ,membrane enclosed sacs that functions as a processing center |
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| organelles containing enzymes that dismantle and recycle food particles, captured bacteria, worn-out organelles, and debris |
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found in plant cells
contains a watery solution of enzymes that degrade and recyle molecules and organelles |
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| organelles that contain several types of enxymes that dispose of toxic substances |
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the site of photosynthesis in eukayotes
found in plant cells |
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| organelles that use a process called cellular respiration to extract this needed energy from food |
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| are the folds of the inner membrane |
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| in intricate network of protein "tracks" and tubules.It is a internal frame work with many functions. It is a transportation system, and provides structural support necessarry to maintain the cell's characteristics three dimensional shape.It aids the cell in division and helps connect the cell with other cells.Aslo enables the cells -or parts of cells- to move |
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| long rod composed of the protein chain |
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| named becuase their diameters are between those of microfilaments and microtubles. Several different protens form intermediate filaments and all form an internal scaffold in the cytoplasm and resist mechanical stress,both functions and maintain a cell's shape.they also help binds cells together. |
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| composed of protein called tubulin. |
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| organize the microtubules |
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| short and numerous, like a fringe. enables some cells to swim in water such as paramecium. In the respiratory tract, coordinated movement of cilia sets up a wave that propels particles up and out ; other cilia can move egg cell though the female reproductive tract |
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| channels that connect adjacent cells to help cells communicate |
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| fuses cells together ,forming impermeable barrier between them. |
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| anchoring (or adhering) junction |
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| connects adjacnet cells by linking their intermediate filaments in one spot, somewhat like rivets or "spot welds". These junctions hold skin cells in place by anchoring them to the extracellular matrix |
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| protein channel that links the cytoplasm of adjacent cells,allowing exhange of ions, nutrients,and other small molecules. Gap junctoins link heart muscle cells to one another, allowing groups of cells to contranct together. |
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Describe the components of cell theory
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- all living matter composed of cells
- all cells arise from other cells
- cells have hereditary information that is passed to the next generation
- chemical reactions take place within cells
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Identify those features that all cells have in common
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common characteristics of all cells:
-cell membrane
-DNA & RNA
-Proteins
-ribosomes
-cytoplasm
-plasma membrane |
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Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells
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Eukayotes
-have nucleus
-membrane bound organelles
include animilia,plantea,fungi,protists
Prokaryotes
-no nucleus
-no membrane bound organelles
-pill shaped cells
-include bacteria and archea |
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Describe the structure and function of each eukaryotic organelle
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-nucleus:housed the DNA
-smoooth,rough,ER,golgi apparatus:work together to synthesize,store,transport,and realease molecules.
-lysosomes:degrades waste and digests nutrients
-vacuoles:degrades wastes,exerts trugor pressure,and stores acids and pigments
-chloroplast:use solar energy to make food
-mitochondria:cellular respiration |
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Describe the components and function of the cell membrane
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-is the interface between the cell and the outside enviroment
-membrane contains lipids and proteins, each protein has a function
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