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Specific behavior that an individual exhibits
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| Specific object or event that influences an individuals learning or behavior |
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| Stimulus that increases the liklihood that a particular response will follow |
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| Form of learning in which a response increases in frequency as a result of its being followed by reinforcement |
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| Consequence of a response that leads to increased frequency of the response |
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| Act of following a response with a reinforcer |
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Consequence that satisfies a biologically built-in-need
Ex: Food, water, warmth, ozygen |
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Consequence that becomes reinforcing over time through its association with another reinforcer
Ex: Praise, money, good grades, trophies |
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| Phenomenon in which a response increases as a result of the presentation (rather than removal) of a stimulus |
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| Reinforcer that comes from the outside environment, rather than from within the learner |
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| Reinforcer provided by oneself or inherent in a task being performed |
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| Ability to forego small, immediate reinforcers to obtain larger ones later |
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A response increases as a result of the removal (rather than presentation) of a stimulus
Ex. Sally is anxious about a chapter test in two weeks. To remove her anxiety, she studies for her test. |
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Consequence that decreases the frequency of the response it follows
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Presentation of a new stimulus, presumably one a learner find unpleasant
Ex: Extra running after basketball practice
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Removal of an existing stimulus, presumably one a learner finds desireable and doesn't want to lose
Ex: Taking away a basketball player's playing time in a game. |
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| Person who demonstrates a behavior for someone else |
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| Demonstrating a behavior for another; observing and imitating anothers behavior |
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Individual whose behavior is directly observed in one's immediate environment
Ex: parents, teachers, siblings, peers |
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Real or fictional character portrayed in the media that influences an observer's behavior
Ex: professional athletes, celebrities |
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| Behavior directed toward promoting the well-being of another |
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| Response increases in frequency when another (observed) person is reinforced for that response |
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| Response decreases in frequency when another (observed) person is punished for that response |
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Hoped-for, but not guaranteed future consequence of behavior
Ex: Sally studies for her test but an A is not guaranteed |
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| Situated learning and cognition |
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Definition
Knowledge, behaviors, and thinking skills aquired and used primarily within certain contexts, with limited if any use in other contexts
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