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| phospholipid bilayer containing proteins. separates ICF and ECF |
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| inserted in bi-layer. function as channels or carriers |
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| attached to phospholipids or integral proteins. structural support for cell or are enzymes |
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| (phospholipids) lipids with attached sugar groups |
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| helps maintain fluidity and structure of plasma membrane |
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| selective permeability membrane |
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Definition
| a membrane that allows certain substances to pass while restricting the movement of other substances |
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| the difference in the concentration of a particular substance between two areas |
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| describes structure of plasma membrane |
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| All living things are compose of cells and come from other cells |
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| the smallest living unit of life. exhibit all characteristics of life |
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No ATP required. (no energy input from cell)
ex: simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion |
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ex: O2, CO2, fat soluble vitamins.
substance moves through phospholipid bilayer from area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration.
*oxygen in used in the body by this process |
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ex: water
passive transport of water across a selectively permeable membrane. movement of water to solution with higher concentration |
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Definition
| requires transmembrane integral *protein. from area of HIGH concentration to LOW concentration; substance moves DOWN concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached. via a channel or carrier. |
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| channels that are always open |
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triggered to open or close by chemical, mechanical, or electrical signals
ex: ions (K+,Cl-,Ca2+,Na+) and water (aquaproteins) |
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Definition
transmembrane integral protein, changes shape, and envelopes substance; then releases on other side of membrane
selective- only one or a couple of molecule types are able to bind to protein (ex: glucose, amino acids) |
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Definition
| transmembrane integral protein with pore in center. selective- allowing only one or a couple types of molecules to pass |
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extends all the way down plasma membrane
ex: lipid insoluble, too large to pass by simple diffusion |
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| ATP is required. vesicular transport via exocytosis and endocytosis. substance passes through a transmembrane carrier protein from area of LOW concentration to HIGH. substance moves AGAINST gradient. |
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Definition
requires transmembrane integral protein. ATP used directly to move protein against concentration gradient
ex: Na+ and K+ pump |
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Definition
| active vesicular transport. Process that transports LARGE particles INTO the cell via phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and receptor-mediated |
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| receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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Definition
| membrane receptor must recognize substance before vesicle forms |
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| made of phospholipid bilayer (same as plasma membrane) |
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Definition
active vesicular transport. Process that transports LARGE molecules OUT of the cell.
ex: insulin is made in cell and must leave cell to do its job |
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| regulating activity and number of carrier or channel proteins |
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Definition
| how can permeability of plasma membrane be altered? |
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| the ability of a solution to change the shape of a cell by altering the internal water volume by moving water out of the cell |
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Definition
| solution with higher solute concentration in ECF than ICF |
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Definition
| solution with lower solute concentration in ECF than ICF |
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Definition
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| equal solute concentration in ECF and ICF |
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| more critical than crenation because the cell cannot recover. cell is blown up or pulled apart |
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Definition
| water is going to move where the _______ (higher or lower) solute concentration is? |
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| structures that connect cells (plasma membrane) to one another |
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| bind cells together forming a leakproof sheet. prevent material from passing between adjacent cells |
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(anchoring junction) attach cells to each other and to extracellular matrix. found in areas with mechanical stress
(ex: skin, GI tract) |
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(communicating junctions) channels connecting adjacent cells. water, simple sugars, ions move between cells
(ex: electrically excitable cells) |
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to grow (produce new, genetically identical cells)
to replace worn out or damaged cells (tissue repair) |
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90% of the cell cycle is spent in this phase
cells are NOT dividing; chromosomes are NOT visible |
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| series of changes a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it reproduces |
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