Term
| What are 4 obvious differences of stars? |
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Definition
- brightness
- size
- temperature
- color
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Term
What is temperature range and examples of
BLUE STARS |
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Definition
11,000 to 50,000 ℃
Regulus
Rigel |
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Term
What is temperature range and examples of
BLUE-WHITE STARS |
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Definition
7,500 - 11,000 ℃
Deneb
Sirus
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Term
| How do stars produce energy? |
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Definition
All stars produce energy the same way:
from nuclear reactions (powerful explosions) that change hydrogen into helium |
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Term
| Where do the nuclear reactions that cause stars to produce energy take place? |
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Definition
| In the CENTER of the star |
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Term
| Describe what happens and where when a star produces energy through a nuclear reaction. |
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Definition
| It is a powerful explosion that happens in the center of star that changes hydrogen into helium |
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Term
| How are stars held together? |
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Definition
| Stars are held together by the force of their own gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parallax is the method that scientists use to measure the distance to stars. |
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Term
| What method do scientist use to measure the distance to stars? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The measure of a star's brightness is magnitude. |
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Term
Apparent magnitude depends on what?
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Definition
- How far away a star is
- the star's absolute magnitude
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Term
| What is ABSOLUTE MAGNITUDE? |
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Definition
| Absolute Magnitude is the measure of how bright a star really is |
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Term
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Definition
| The distance a light will travel in one year (about 9.5 trillion miles) is a light year |
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Term
| About how far does light travel in one year? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Nebulas are
- Large clouds of gasses and dust that are scattered throughout space.
- They provide the raw materials for stars to form
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Term
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Definition
| Prostars are the beginnings of stars - over millions of years, clumps of spinning gases form clumps of matter inside nebulas. |
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Term
| How do RED GIANTS become red? |
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Definition
| As the outer layers of a star expands, they cool and their light becomes red. |
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Term
| How is a WHITE DWARF created? |
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Definition
| When the energy of red giant runs out, it collapes on itself and becomes a white dwarf. |
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Term
| What is the relationship between RED GIANTS, WHITE DWARFS and BLACK DWARFS? |
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Definition
- Red giants become white dwarfs when the energy of a red giant runs out and collapses on itself.
- A white dwarf becomes a black dwarf when a star finally dies and becomes completely cool and no longer releases any energy.
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Term
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Definition
| When a star finally dies it becomes completely cool and dark and releases no energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| If a star collapses on itself very fast, it can explode into a supernova. |
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Term
| When a massive star collapses, it can become one of what two space features? |
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Definition
- NEUTRON STAR: the matter of the star is crushed so tightly that the entire star is only about 12 miles in diameter.
- BLACK HOLE: is formed when a star collapse is so powerful that all its matter is condensed into a tiny point which continues to pull in other matter.
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Term
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Definition
| Neutron star is when the matter in the star is crushed so tightly that the entire star is only about 12 miles in diameter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A black hole is formed when a star collapse is so powerful that all its matter is condensed into a tiny point which continues to pull in other matter. |
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Term
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Definition
| A huge collection of stars is a galaxy. |
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Term
| What is the MILKY WAY GALAXY? |
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Definition
The Milky Way is a gigantic cluster of stars that our solar system belongs to.
Our sun is just one of over 100 billion stars that make up the Milky Way.
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Term
| About how many stars are in the Mily Way? |
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Definition
| There are over 100 billion stars in the Milky Way |
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Term
| Galaxies are classified into (a) how many basic goups and (b) what are those groups based on? |
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Definition
| There are THREE basic groups, based on their SHAPE. |
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Term
| What are the names of the different groups of Galaxies and how does each look? |
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Definition
- An ELLIPTICAL galaxy
- A SPIRAL galaxy
- An IRREGULAR galaxy
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Term
| What happens for a prostar to become a star? |
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Definition
| As more and more material condenses within the prostar, the core gets hotter and hotter. When temperatures reach 10,000,000 ℃, nuclear reactions began and energy is released and it starts to 'shine' and becomes a star. |
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Term
| What's the relationship between NEBULAS, PROSTARS and STARS? |
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Definition
First NEBULAS are formed from huge clouds of gases and dust and then (over millions of years) when the gas and dust collect at the center of the nebula, a PROSTAR is formed. When the protostar is big enough, a nuclear reaction begins. When a nuclear reaction begins, the protostar becomes a STAR and starts 'burning' and shines. |
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Term
| How hot does the core of a prostar have to be for nuclear reactions to began? |
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Definition
10,000,000 ℃
10 million degrees celcius |
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Term
What is temperature range and examples of
WHITE STARS
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Definition
6,000 to 7,500 ℃
Canopus
Procyon |
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Term
What is temperature range and examples of
YELLOW STARS
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Definition
5,000 to 6,000 ℃
The Sun
Alpha Centauri |
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Term
What is temperature range and examples of
ORANGE RED STARS
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Definition
3,500 - 5,000 ℃
Aldebarian
Arcturus |
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Term
What is temperature range and examples of
RED STARS
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Definition
2,000 to 3,500 ℃
Betelgeuse
Proxima Centauri |
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Term
| There are 6 star colors, name them in order of lowest surface temperature to highest surface temperature |
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Definition
- Red (2,000 to 3,500 ℃)
- Orange Red (3,500 to 5,000 ℃)
- Yellow (5,000 to 6,000 ℃)
- White (6,000 to 7,500 ℃)
- Blue White (7,500 to 11,000 ℃)
- Blue (11,00 to 50,000 ℃)
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving (a) towards or (b) away from each other? |
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Definition
| Hubble discovered that galaxies are moving AWAY from each other |
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Term
| What shape (type) of galaxy is the Milky Way? |
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Definition
| The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy. |
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Term
| unit used to measure distance between stars |
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Definition
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Term
| pockets of matter that form stars |
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Definition
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Term
| Huge cloud of gases and dust that can be found in may regions on space? |
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Definition
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Term
Put in order from smallest to largest:
galaxy
planet
solar system
universe
black dwarf |
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Definition
Smallest to largest:
- Black dwarf
- planet
- solar system
- galaxy
- universe
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Term
| Live cycle of an average star |
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Definition
- Nebula (huge clouds of gases and dust)
- Prostar (pockets of matter form inside nebulas)
- Star (core reaches 10million degrees & nuclear reaction begins giving off energy and light)
- Red Giant (as outlayer expands and cools, the light reddens)
- White Dwarf (as fuel runs out, it collapses and shines only dimly)
- Black Dwarf (dies completely becoming cool and dark, no energy given off)
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Term
| Life cycle of a massive star |
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Definition
- Nebula (huge clouds of gases and dust)
- Prostar (pockets of matter form inside nebulas)
- Star (core reaches 10million degrees & nuclear reaction begins giving off energy and light)
- Red Giant (outlayer expands, cools, light reddens)
- Supernova (fuel used up, star fall into the core at very fast speed, and a huge explosion happens)
After supernova, some matter remains and will become on of two space features:
- Neutron Star (collapse of core crushes remaining matter to less than 12 miles in diameter
- Black Hole (collapse of core so powerful doesn't stop at Neutron, keeps shrinking until it is a tiny point that with very stong gravitational pull)
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