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| an understanding of the physics of sound is essential to an understanding of the speech signal which is a complex sound. |
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| can be defined as a condition of disturbance of particles in a elastic medium. |
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| is the medium most often used for human speech production . |
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| consist of billions of air particles. |
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| invisible,not substance,not a thing,no mass |
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| is any form of matter,solid,liquid,gas capable of vibratory motion. |
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| it is able to resist permanent distortion to its orginal shape or the distribution of its particles.(springiness) |
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| it is a property common to all a body in motion will remain in motion while a body at rest will remain at rest (unless acted upon by an external force.) |
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| the other elements necessary for the production of a sound include an energy source and a vibrating body. |
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| is used to activate a vibrator of some kind,the energy source required often depends on the vibrator itself. |
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| such as a tuning fork needs to be struck againgst a hard surface in order for it to be activated . |
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| heads need to be hit with a stick or mallet to cause disturbances in the medium. |
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| is forced between tightly constricted lips a buzzing sound can be made which is used as a sound source for trumpet and tuba players. |
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| primary source of energy foe speech production. |
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| from the lungs is required for the vocal folds of the larynx. |
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| the number of openings and closings |
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| of the folds that occur in one second determines the perceived pitch of the voice. |
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| the human sound producing mechanism |
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Definition
| has the necessary ingredients to produce sound (energy source)(vibrator)(transmitting medium)an aditional component that enables it not only to produce sound also to convert sound disturbances into speech sounds. |
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| vowels,consonants,dipthongs |
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| are reflective to lanuage |
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| extends from the vocal folds of the larynx through the pharynx oral cavity,nasal cavity,and lips |
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| sinusoidal motion/simple harmonic motion |
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| is a disturbance in a medium that occurs when devices such as tuning forks and clock pendulums are activated. |
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| would begin its movement from a point of rest ,move in one direction to a point of maximum displacement,return to its point of rest go through its point of rest to maximum displacement in the opposite direction and return again to its rest position the result is a sine wave tracing |
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| a graphical representation of sinusoidal motion |
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| derived from certain trignometric functions of right angles is used to represent a sound wave in general however it is also used to characterize the movement of particles in a medium as a result of the disturbance that created the sound. |
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| the features of particles include |
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| particle pressure,particle velocity,particle displacement |
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| a sound that has all of its energy located at one frequency are rarely heard in everyday situations; most of the sounds that we hear in our environment are complex in that their energy is concentrated at more than a single frequency. |
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| when sinusodial wave motion disturbs |
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Definition
| the particles of the medium they react in a predictable wave as the pendulum or tuning fork tine begins to move from rest to maximum displacement in one direction the particles in the medium are pushed closer toward each other they are said to be a state of (compression)or (condensation), |
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| maximum compression takes place at the point of maximum excursion of the vibrating pendulum or tuning fork tine |
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| as the pendulum or tuning fork |
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Definition
| begins to move in the opposite direction the particles attempt to return to their orginial positions because of elasticity but they overshoot that position because of inertia before coming to rest again;this overshoot wherein the particles are spread apart more than they normally would be is called (rarefaction) or expansion. |
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| wherein the particles are spread apart more than they normally would be is called ? |
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| these condensations are rarefactions |
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| are the actual sound disturbances that travel through the medium from the sound source it should be noted that the particles (molecules) themselves are not moving through the medium |
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| the particles near a persons lips during sound production |
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Definition
| will move around their points of origin(rest positions) but once the sound disturbances has traveled away from the lips the those particles will return to there rest position ,thus the disturbance will have moved away from the lips but not the individual particles in the medium; they will simply be displaced temporarily from their rest positions. |
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| can provide a spatial or a temporal picture of particle disturbances in the medium as a spatial picture the sine wave tracing indicates the relative positions of the particles in the medium at a single instant in time. |
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| it can be used to study the movement of a single particle over time as it changes its position around its rest position . |
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| when an object oscillates at one frequency of vibration with no overtones most sounds are complex sounds consisting of many tones or frequencies. |
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