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| Nucleus, cell membrane, and cytoplasm |
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| cell membrane characteristics |
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| thin, selectively permeable (only certain substances can pass through the cell), and has a complex surface with adaptations to increase surface area. |
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| molecules that are soluble in lipids can pass through, cholesterol molecules are imbedded in the membrane to make it less permeable to water-soluble molecules. |
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| site of ribosome production, composed of RNA and protein. |
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| forms chromosomes during cell division, composed of DNA and protein |
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| molecules move from higher concentration to lower until equilibrium is reached |
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| uses membrane proteins to move molecules across the cell membrane |
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| water moves across a selectively permeable memebrane from higher water concentration (less osmotic pressure) to lower until equilibrium is reached. |
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| because of hydrostatic pressure molecules can be forced through the membrane by filtration |
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| uses ATP to move molecules from lower concentration to higher until equilibrium is reached. 40% of cell’s energy used to do this |
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| of the cell and carried in surrounded by a vesicle. |
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| three forms of endocytosis |
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1. Pinocytosis: the cells engulf liquids
2. Phagocytosis: cell takes in larger particles, i.e. white blood cells
3. Receptor-mediated endocyteosis: allows cell to take in specific molecules (ligands) that team up with specific receptors on the cell surface |
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| when a molecule is to large to exit a cell on its own it is engulfed by an invagination of the cell and carried in surrounded by a vesicle. |
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| division of cell’s nucleus gives each daughter cell an exact copy of the mother cell’s genetic material |
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| division of cell’s nucleus gives each daughter cell an exact copy of the mother cell’s genetic material |
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| cell divides into different types of cells with specialized functions. Certain genes are turned on or off. |
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