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| some substances can enter while others cannot |
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| process by which molecules move from an area of higher to lower concentration |
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| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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| movement of materials through a membrane without using energy |
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| movement of materials through a membrane using energy |
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| process by which a cell captures sunlight to make food |
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| the process by which cells obtain energy from glucose |
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| the stage during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei |
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| double-rod structure; condensed form of chromatin from the nucleus |
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| A strand of DNA separates in half, and nitrogen bases start pairing up with one half of the strand of DNA. Since the nitrogen bases always pair up, the new strand is identical to the old strand. After this process is done, there will be two DNA molecules. |
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| An element is any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances |
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| Two or more elements that are chemically combined. |
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| an energy-rich organic compound made of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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| energy-rich organic compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
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| large organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and, in some cases, sulfur |
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| A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins. |
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| a type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing |
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| very long organic molecules made of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and phosphorus |
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| the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring |
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| a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins. |
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| colored chemical compounds that absorb light |
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| A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria. |
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| Small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move. |
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| The process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen. |
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| The regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo |
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| the period before cell division |
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| The final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell‘s cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells. |
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