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Chapter 3
Atoms and the Periodic Table
19
Science
10th Grade
09/10/2007

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Term
nucleus
Definition
the center of an atom; made up of protons and neutrons
Term
energy level
Definition
any of the possible energies an electron may have in an atom
Term
orbital
Definition
a region in an atom where this is a high probability of finding electrons
Term
valence electron
Definition
an electron in the outermost energy level of an atom
Term
periodic law
Definition
properties of elements tend to change in a regular pattern
Term
ionization
Definition
the process of adding electron to or removing electrons from an atom
Term
cation
Definition
an ion with a positive charge
Term
anion
Definition
an ion with a negative charge
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
Term
isotopes
Definition
any atoms having the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
Term
atomic mass unit (amu)
Definition
a quantity equal to one-twelfth of the mass of a carbon-12 atom
Term
average atomic mass
Definition
the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element
Term
metals
Definition
the elements that are good conductors of heat and electricity
Term
nonmetals
Definition
the elements that are usually poor conductors of heat and electricity
Term
semiconductors
Definition
the elements that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity
Term
mole
Definition
the SI base unit that describes the amount of a substance
Term
Avogadro's number
Definition
the number of particles in 1 mole
Term
molar mass
Definition
the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
Term
conversion factor
Definition
a ratio equal to one that expresses the same quantity in two different ways
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