Term
| Description, risk factors, and causes of Down's syndrome |
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Definition
most common chromosomal disorder
also called trisomy 21; failure of 21st pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis, so baby inherits three
mental retardation, memory and speech problems, limited vocab, slow motor development. distinct physical features
maternal age the primary risk factor |
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Term
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Definition
| most widely used; sample of fluid taken from uterus; cells examined for genetic defects; 14th week after conception; small risk of miscarriage |
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Term
| chorionic villus sampling |
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Definition
| can be performed early in pregnancy (9 weeks after conception), tissue removed from villi, greater risk of miscarriage, small risk of limb deformities, the earlier the higher |
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Term
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Definition
| inspection of limbs and face with light source, sample of fetal blood obtained, allowing diagnosis of disorders/neural defects. 15-18 weeks after conception but can be done as early as 5 weeks. Risk of miscarriage. |
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Term
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Definition
| High frequency sound waves are beamed at uterus; their reflection is translated into a picture on a video screen that reveals the size, shape, and placement of a fetus. Permits assessment of fetal age, detection of mulitple pregnancies, and identification of gross physical defects. Can guide other prenatal diagnostic methods.Chance of low birth weight. |
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Term
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Definition
| second month of pregnancy fetus' cells enter maternal bloodstream. isolated cells can be examined for genetic defects |
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Term
| preimplantation genetic diagnosis |
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Definition
| after in vitro fertilization and duplication of the zygote into a cluster of about 8-10 cells, 1 or 2 cells are removed and examined for hereditary defects. the fertilized ovum is implanted in the woman's uterus only if free of detectable genetic disorders |
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Term
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Definition
| any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period (drugs, alcohol, tobacco) |
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Term
| maternal factors in healthy prenatal development |
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Definition
| exercise, nutrition, emotional stress, age, previous births |
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Term
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Definition
| infants born several weeks or more before their due date |
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Term
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Definition
| below expected weight consideering lenght of the pregnancy |
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Term
| interventions for preterm babies |
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Definition
special infant stimulation:
isolette, failure to get human stimulation
kangaroo care
caregiving: parents may not be as sensitive because of appearance/behavior |
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Term
| 3 periods for prenatal development and the age of viability |
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Definition
Zygote-1-2 weeks
Embryo-3-8 weeks
Fetus 9-38 weeks |
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Term
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Definition
Stage 1: a. dilation and effacement of the cervix caused by contractions of uterus.
b. transition-cervix opens completely
Stage 2: c. pushing with each contraction, baby forced down birth canal
birth of baby: Shoulders emerge, birth of baby follows quickly
Stage 3: delivery of placenta after final pushes |
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Term
| infant mortality rate in US |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the process of cell duplication which each new cell receives an exact copy of the original chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of cell division through which gametes are formed and in which the number of chromosomes in each cell is halved |
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Term
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Definition
| exchange of genes between chromosomes next to each other during meiosis |
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Term
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Definition
| the complex blend of genetic information that determines our species and influences all our unique characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| directly observable characteristics of a child that resemble parents; dependent on genotype and affected by environmental influences |
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Term
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Definition
| within the nucleus of a cell, rodlike structures which store and transmit genetic information |
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Definition
| the cell that results when sperm and ovum unite |
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Definition
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Term
| how to represent dominant homozygous |
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Definition
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Term
| how to represent recesive homozygous |
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Definition
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Term
| how to represent dominant heterozygous |
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Definition
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Term
| how are recessive traits created |
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Definition
| two recessive alleles are inherited |
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Term
| how dominant traits are created |
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Definition
| one dominant allele is present |
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Term
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Definition
| up to six days; longer for female sperm XX |
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Term
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Definition
| wheter an X bearing or a Y bearing sperm fertilizes the ovum |
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Term
| how and when do multiple births occur |
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Definition
a zygote that has started to duplicate separates into two clusters of cells that develop into two individuals (identical twins) 1/330 births around world
release and fertilization of two ova (fraternal twins) |
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