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Chapter 3
From "Understanding Human Development" (Dunn; Craig)
29
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/01/2011

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Term
Germinal period
Definition
Period of rapid cell division that lasts for 2 weeks.
Term
Ovulation
Definition
Approximately 14 days after menstruation
Term
Blastula
Definition
hollow, fluid-filled sphere of cells shortly after conception
Term
Monozygotic (identical) twins
Definition
result from same ovum
Term
Dizygotic (fraternal) twins
Definition
Result from two ova fertilization
Term
Embryonic period
Definition
Second prenatal period: from implantation to end of second month
*all major structures are formed during this time
Term
Fetal period
Definition
third period of prenatal development; from second month to birth
*Organ systems mature and become functional
Term
Fetus
Definition
Refers to baby from end of 2nd month to birth
Term
Cephalocaudal trend
Definition
Growth pattern that starts in the head and moves downward
Term
Proximodistal trend
Definition
Growth pattern that occurs form midline, outward
Term
Gross-to-specific trend
Definition
Tendency to react to stimuli with whole body, until finer reflexes develop
Term
Critical period
Definition
When a teratogen can be effective
Term
Teratogen
Definition
toxic agent that poses a threat to the child
Term
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Definition
Small size, low birth weight, facial characteristics, and mental retardation
Term
Fetal Alcohol Effects
Definition
Milder abnormalities
Term
Anoxia
Definition
Lack of oxygen
Term
Initial labor
Definition
cervical opening of uterus begins to dilate
Term
False Labor
Definition
Braxton-Hicks
*usually diminishes if the mother walks
Term
Episiotomy
Definition
Incision to enlarge vaginal opening
Term
Afterbirth
Definition
last stage of childbirth
*usually within 20 minutes of birth
Term
Amniocentesis
Definition
Analysis of amniotic fluid for testing
Term
Chorionic Villus Sampling
Definition
Analysis of cells from membranes surrounding fetus
Term
Apgar Scoring System
Definition
Allows physicians to evaluate an infant's condition
Term
Preterm status
Definition
Infant born before a gestation period of 35 weeks
Term
Small-for-date
Definition
Full-term newborn weighing less than 5 lb, 8 oz
Term
Neonate
Definition
Baby in first month of life
Term
Survival reflexes
Definition
Biologically programmed behavior
Term
Primitive reflexes
Definition
Programmed behaviors with w/o immediate survival value
Term
Attachment
Definition
Reciprocal bond that develops between child and caregiver
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