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Chapter 3
THE NATURE AND NUTURE OF BEHAVIOR
29
Psychology
11th Grade
04/12/2010

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Term
chromosomes
Definition
threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes
Term
DNA
Definition
a complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes
Term
genes
Definition
the biochemical units of hereidity that make up the chromosomes; a segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a protien
Term
genome
Definition
the complete instrustions for making an organism, consisting of all the genetic material in its chromosomes.
Term
natural selection
Definition
the principal that, among the inherited trait variations, those that lead to increased reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations
Term
mutations
Definition
a random error in gene replication that leads to a change in the nucleotides; the source of all genetic diversity
Term
evolutionary psychology
Definition
the study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principals of natural selection
Term
gender
Definition
the characteristics, whether biologically or socially influenced, by which people define male and female
Term
behavior genetics
Definition
the study of the relative power and limits of genetic and enviromental influences on behavior
Term
enviroment
Definition
every nongentic influence, from prenatal nutrition to the people and things around us
Term
identical twins
Definition
twins that develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two, creating two genetically identical organisms
Term
fraternal twins
Definition
twins who develop from seperate eggs
Term
tempermant
Definition
a person's characteristic emotional reactivity and intensity
Term
heritability
Definition
the proportion of variation among induviduals that we can attribute to genes.
Term
interaction
Definition
the dependance of the effect of one factor on another factor
Term
molecular genetics
Definition
the subfield of biology that studies the molecular structure and functions of genes
Term
culture
Definition
the enduring behavior, ideas, attitudes, and traditions shared by a large group of people transmitted from one generation to the next.
Term
norm
Definition
an understood rule for accepted and ecpected behavior.
Term
personal space
Definition
the buffer-aone we like to maintain around our bodies
Term
memes
Definition
self-replicating ideas, fashions, and innovations passed from person to person.
Term
X chromosome
Definition
the sex chromosome found in both men and women.
Term
Y chromosome
Definition
the sex chromosome found in only males
Term
testostrone
Definition
the most important of the male sex hormones
Term
role
Definition
a set of expectations about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave
Term
gender role
Definition
a set of expected behaviors for males and females
Term
gender-typing
Definition
the acqusition of a traditional masculine of feminine role
Term
social learning theory
Definition
the theory that we learn social behavior by observing and imitating and by being rewarded or punished
Term
gender identity
Definition
one's sense of being male of female
Term
gender schema theory
Definition
the theory that children learn from their cultures a concept of what means to be male and female and that they adjust their behavior accordingly
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