Term
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Definition
- animals w/ no back bone
- account for 95% of known animal species |
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Term
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Definition
| - in the phylum proifera, lack true tissues |
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Term
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Definition
- the phylum that sponges are in, monophyletic
- collar cells, choanocytes: finger-like projections that form collar around flagellum, engulf bacteria & food particles by phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| - large opening in a sponge that connects spongocoel to enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
| - central cavity of the sponge |
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Term
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Definition
- an ancient phylum of eumetazoans
- contain jellies, corals, hydras
- has gastrovascular cavity (central digestive compartment) functions as the mouth and anus
- some can have both polyp stage and medusa stage in life cycle
- carnivores |
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Term
| What are the two variations of the Cniardians body plan? |
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Definition
- sssile polyp: cylindrical forms that adhere to the substrate by the abnormal end of their body (the end opposite the mouth) & extend their tentacles waiting for prey
- ex: hydras & sea anemones |
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Term
| What are the two variations of the Cniardians body plan? (cont.) |
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Definition
- medusa, flatten mouth-down version of the polyp
- moves freely in water by passive drifting and contractions of bell-shaped body
- include free swimming jellies |
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Term
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Definition
| - cells that are unique to cnidarians that help function in defense and prey capture |
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Term
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Definition
| - specialized cnidae that contain stinging thread that can penetrate the body wall of the cnidarians prey |
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Term
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Definition
- a clade identified by molecular date, has the widest range of animal body forms
- includes: playhelminthes (flatworms), mollusca (clams), annelida (segmented worms)
- vast majority of animal species belong to this clade bilateria, & tripoblastic developement
- have larvae |
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Term
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Definition
- they are a free living species in the Lopho. that act as predators & scavengers in a wide range of freshwater & marine habitats, in unpolluted ponds & streams
- prey on smaller animals & feed on dead animals
- move by using cilia on ventral (bottom) surface
- nervous system is more complex & centralized than the nerve sets of cnidarians
- hermaphrodites
- asxually through fission, & sexually |
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Term
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Definition
- parasitic
- complex life cycles alternating between sexual & asexual stages w/ in life cycle |
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Term
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Definition
- 3/4 of molluscs are this, most are marine but also freshwater
- ex: sea slug, chiton, land snail
- undergo torsion
- single spiral shell into which the animal can retreat when threatened |
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Term
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Definition
- all aquatic
- include: clam, oysters, mussles, & scallops
- shell divided into two halves
- no distinct head
- some have eyes & sensory tentacles
- mantle cavity of a bivalve contains gills that are sued for gas exchange as well as feeding
- sedentary lives |
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Term
Cephalopod
phylum molluscs |
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Definition
- marine predators, use tentacles to grasp prey
- foot has become modified into a muscular excurrent siphon apart of the tentacles
- only molluscs w/ closed circulatory system, blood remains seperate from fluid in body cavity
- well developed sense organs
- complex brain
- ex: squids, octopus, & nautiluses |
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Term
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Definition
- segmented worms that live in the sea, in most freshwater, & damp soil
- divided into two groups the polychaetes & oligochaeta
- digestive tract is unsegmented
- ex: earth worms ( help with farming ) & leeches (predators that feed on invertebrates) but some are parasites
- closed circulatory system |
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Term
Polychaetes
phylum annelids |
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Definition
- has a pair of paddle-like or ridge like structures called parapodia ("beside feet") that function in locomotion
- made of chitin |
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Term
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Definition
- most species rich animal group, include nematoda & arthropoda
- shed through external cuticle this process is called molting |
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Term
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Definition
- ex: roundworms
- aquatic habitats
- no segemented bodies, cylindrical bodies
- covered in tight cuticle
- pseudocoelomates w/ tapered ends; no circulatory system & undergo ecdysis
- prolific reproduction |
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Term
Arthropod
phylum arthropoda |
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Definition
- ex: crustaceans (scorpions) insects, & spiders
- coelomates w/ segmented body, jointed apendages, & exoskeleton made of protein & chitin |
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Term
Chelicerate
phylum arthropoda |
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Definition
- are named for their claw like feeding appendagescalled chelicerae, which serves as pincers or fangs
- bulk of them are arachnids
- lack antennae, most have simple eyes with a single lense
- ticks and mites are parasitic |
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Term
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Definition
- species rich
- live on land and in fresh water complex organ systems
- adaptation: they can fly |
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Term
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Definition
| - a type of developement in certain insects (grass hoppers) in which the young called nymphs resemble the adults but are smaller and have different body proportions. Undergo a series of molts, each time looking more like the adult, until it reaches full size (insects) |
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Term
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Definition
| - transformation of larva into an adult that looks very different, and often functions very differently in it's enviroment than the larva ( ex: catapillar --> butterfly) |
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Term
Crustacean
phylum arthropoda |
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Definition
- mostly live in marine and freshwater
- highly specialized appendages
- ex: lobster & crayfish
- 2 pairs of antennae
- walking legs are present within the thorax
- have appendages on their abdomens
- exchange gas across areas of the cuticle (if small) & larger species use gills |
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Term
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Definition
- radial, indeterminate cleavage
- formation of the anus from the blastopore |
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Term
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Definition
| - echinoderms and chordates are deuterostomes |
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Term
| Echinodermata (deuterostomia) |
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Definition
- ex: sea stars, sea urchins
- coelomates w/ bilateral symmetrical larvae & 5 part organization as adults, unique water vascular system; & endoskeleton |
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Term
| Chordoata (deuterostomia) |
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Definition
- chordata (lancelets, tunicates, vertebrates)
- coelomates with notochord; dorsa, hollow, nerve cord; pharyngeal slits with a post anal tail |
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