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CHAPTER 3
BODY STRUCTURE
64
Medical
Undergraduate 1
08/27/2008

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Term
BASIC STRUCTURE OF CELL INCLUDES THREE PARTS
Definition
CELL MEMBRANE, NUCLEUS, CYTOPLASM
Term
CELL MEMBRANE
Definition
OUTER COVERING OF THE CELL
Term
NUCLEUS
Definition
CENTRAL PORTION OF CELL. DIRECTS CELLS ACTIVITIES AND CONTAIN CHROMOSOMES
Term
CHROMOSOMES
Definition
BEARER OF GENES-those elements that control inherited traits such as eye color, height, inherited diseases, gender and so on.
Term
CYTOPLASM
Definition
SURROUNDS THE NUCLEUS. CONTAINS THE MATERIAL TO INSTRUCT CELLS TO PERFORM DIFFERENT ESSENTIAL TASKS SUCH AS REPRODUCTION AND MOVEMENT
Term
TISSUES
Definition
GROUP OF CELLS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM THE SAME TASK. THE BODY HAS FOUR TYPES OF TISSUES
Term
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Definition
HOLDS AND CONNECTS BODY PARTS TOGETHER. EX: BONES, LIGAMENTS, AND TENDONS
Term
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
Definition
COVERS THE INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL BODY SURFACES. SKIN AND LININGS OF INTERNAL ORGANS (SUCH AS THE INTESTINES) ARE EPITHELIAL TISSUE.
Term
MUSCLE TISSUE
Definition
EXPANDS AND CONTRACTS ALLOWING THE BODY TO MOVE.
Term
NERVOUS TISSUE
Definition
CARRIES MESSAGES TO AND FROM THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD TO AND FROM ALL PARTS OF THE BODY.
Term
SYSTEMS
Definition
GROUPS OF ORGANS THAT WORK TOGETHER TO PERFORM ONE OF THE BODY'S MAJOR FUNCTIONS FORM A SYSTEM.
Term
INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Definition
CONSISTS OF THE SKIN AND THE ACCESSORY STRUCTURES DERIVED FROM IT-HAIR, NAILS, SWEAT GLANDS AND OIL GLANDS.
Term
MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM
Definition
SUPPORTS THE BODY, PROTECTS ORGANS, AND PROVIDES BODY MOVEMENT. IT INCLUDES MUSCLES, BONES AND CARTILAGE.
Term
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Definition
INCLUDES THE HEART AND BLOOD VESSELS, WHICH PUMP AND TRANSPORT BLOOD THROUGHOUT THE BODY. BLOOD CARRIES NUTRIENTS TO AND REMOVES WASTE FROM THE TISSUES.
Term
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
Definition
INCLUDES THE LUNGS AND THE AIRWAYS. THIS SYSTEM PERFORMS RESPIRATION.
Term
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Definition
CONSISTS OF THE BRAIN, SPINAL CORD, AND PERIPHERAL NERVES. THE NERVOUS SYSTEM REGULATES THE MOST BODY ACTIVITIES AND SENDS AND RECEIVES MESSAGES FROM THE SENSORY ORGANS.
Term
URINARY SYSTEM
Definition
INCLUDES THE KIDNEYS, URETERS, BLADDER AND URETHRA. IT ELIMINATES METABOLIC WASTE, HELPS TO MAINTAIN ACID-BASE AND WATER-SALT BALANCES, AND HELPS REGULATE BLOOD PRESSURE.
Term
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Definition
CONTROLS REPRODUCTION AND HEREDITY. THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLUDES THE OVARIES, VAGINA, UTERINE (FALOPIAN) TUBES, UTERUS, AND MAMMARY GLANDS. THE MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM INCLDES THE TESTES, PENIS, PROSTRATE GLAND, VAS DEFERENS, AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES.
Term
BLOOD SYSTEM
Definition
INCLUDES THE BLOOD AND ALL ITS COMPONENTS
Term
LYMPHATIC AND IMMUNE SYSTEMS
Definition
INCLUDES THE LYMPH, THE GLANDS OF THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM, LYMPHATIC VESSELS, AND THE NONSPECIFIC AND SPECIFIC DEFENSES OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM.
Term
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Definition
INCLUDES ALL THE ORGANS OF DIGESTION AND EXCRETION OF WASTE
Term
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
Definition
INCLUDES THE GLANDS THAT SECRETE HORMONES FOR REGULATION OF MANY OF THE BODY'S ACIVITIES.
Term
SENSORY SYSTEM
Definition
COVERS THE EYES AND EARS AND THOSE PARTS OF OTHER SYSTEMS THAT ARE INVOLVED IN THE REACTIONS OF THE FIVE SENSES.
Term
TWO MAIN CAVITIES OF THE BODY
Definition
DORSAL AND VENTRAL
Term
DORSAL CAVITY
Definition
BACK SIDE OF THE BODY DIVIDED INTO CRANIAL CAVITY AND SPINAL CAVITY
Term
VENTRAL CAVITY
Definition
CONTAINS THORACIC CAVITY, ABDOMINAL CAVITY (DIVIDED BY THE DIAPHRAGM MUSCLES)AND THE PELVIC CAVITY
Term
CRANIAL CAVITY
Definition
HOLDS THE BRAIN
Term
SPINAL CAVITY
Definition
HOLDS THE SPINAL CORD
Term
THORACIC CAVITY
Definition
HOLDS THE HEART, LUNGS AND MAJOR BLOOD VESSELS
Term
ABDOMINAL CAVITY
Definition
HOLDS THE ORGANS OF THE DIGESTIVE AND URINARY SYSTEMS
Term
PELVIC CAVITY
Definition
CONTAINS THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
Term
ANTERIOR
Definition
AT OR TOWARD THE FRONT OF THE BODY
Term
CORONAL PLANE
Definition
IMAGINARY LINE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR POSITIONS
Term
CROSS-SECTIONAL PLANE
Definition
IMAGINARY LINE THAT INTERSECTS THE BODY HORIZONTALLY
Term
DEEP
Definition
AWAY FROM THE SURFACE (OF THE BODY)
Term
DISTAL
Definition
AWAY FROM THE POINT OF ATACHMENT TO THE TRUNK
Term
DORSAL
Definition
AT OR TOWARD THE BACK OF THE BODY
Term
EPIGASTRIC REGION
Definition
AREA OF THE BODY IMMEDIATELY ABOVE THE STOMACH
Term
FRONTAL PLANE
Definition
IMAGINARY LINE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR POSITIONS
Term
HYPOCHONDRIAC REGIONS
Definition
LEFT AND RIGHT REGIONS OF THE BODY JUST BELOW THE CARTILAGE OF THE RIBS AND IMMEDIATELY ABOVE THE ABDOMEN
Term
HYPOGASTRIC REGION
Definition
AREA OF THE BODY JUST BELOW THE UMBILICAL REGION
Term
ILIAC REGIONS
Definition
LEFT AND RIGHT REGIONS OF THE BODY NEAR THE UPPER PORTION OF THE HIP BONE.
Term
INFERIOR
Definition
BELOW ANOTHER BODY STRUCTURE
Term
INGUINAL REGIONS
Definition
LEFT AND RIGHT REGIONS OF THE BODY NEAR THE UPPER PORTION OF THE HIP BONE
Term
LATERAL
Definition
TO THE SIDE
Term
LATERAL PLANE
Definition
IMAGINARY LINE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY PERPENDICULARLY TO THE MEDIAL PLANE
Term
LEFT LOWER QUADRANT (LLQ)
Definition
QUANDRANT ON THE LOWER LEFT ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE PATIENT'S BODY.
Term
LEFT UPPER QUADRANT (LUQ)
Definition
QUADRANT ON THE UPPER LEFT ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE PATIENT'S BODY
Term
LUMBAR REGIONS
Definition
LEFT AND RIGHT REGIONS OF THE BODY NEAR THE ABDOMEN
Term
MEDIAL
Definition
AT OR NEAR THE MIDDLE (OF THE BODY)
Term
MEDIAL PLANE
Definition
IMAGINARY LINE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO EQUAL LEFT AND RIGHT HALVES.
Term
MIDSAGITTAL PLANE
Definition
SEE MEDIAL PLANE
Term
POSTERIOR
Definition
AT OR TOWARD THE BACK SIDE (OF THE BODY)
Term
PRONE
Definition
LYING ON THE STOMACH WITH THE FACE DOWN.
Term
PROXIMAL
Definition
AT OR NEAR THE POINT OF ATTACHMENT TO THE TRUNK
Term
RIGHT LOWER QUADRANT (RLQ)
Definition
QUADRANT ON THE LWER RIGHT ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE PATIENT'S BODY
Term
RIGHT UPPER QUADRANT (RUQ)
Definition
QUADRANT ON THE UPPER RIGHT ANTERIOR SIDE OF THE PATIENT'S BODY
Term
SAGITTAL PLANE
Definition
IMAGINARY LINE THAT DIVIDES THE BODY INTO RIGHT AND LEFT PORTIONS
Term
SUPERFICIAL
Definition
AT OR NEAR THE SURFACE (OF THE BODY)
Term
SUPERIOR
Definition
ABOVE ANOTHER BODY STRUCTURE
Term
SUPINE
Definition
LYING ON THE SPINE FACING UPWARD
Term
TRANSVERSE PLANE
Definition
IMAGINARY LINE THAT INTERSECTS THE BODY HORIZONTALLY
Term
UMBILICAL REGION
Definition
AREA OF THE BODY SURROUNDING THE UMBILICUS.
Term
VENTRAL
Definition
AT OR TOWARD THE FRONT (OF THE BODY)
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