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Chapter 3
Cells, Tissues, and Cancer
96
Medical
Undergraduate 1
02/10/2008

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Term
ana-
Definition
up, toward, apart
Term
dys-
Definition
bad, abnormal
Term
epi-
Definition
upon
Term
hyper-
Definition
excessive, above normal
Term
meta-
Definition
after, change
Term
neo-
Definition
new
Term
aden
Definition
gland
Term
carcin
Definition
cancer
Term
chrom
Definition
color
Term
cyt
Definition
cell
Term
fibr
Definition
fiber
Term
gen, gene
Definition
formation, cause, produce
Term
hist
Definition
tissue
Term
lei
Definition
smooth
Term
lip
Definition
lipid, fat
Term
mal
Definition
bad
Term
melan
Definition
darkness of color, black
Term
my
Definition
muscle
Term
neur
Definition
nerve, nervous system
Term
nuclei, nucle
Definition
kernel, nucleus
Term
onc
Definition
tumor
Term
organ
Definition
tool
Term
oste
Definition
bone
Term
rhabd
Definition
rod, rod-shaped
Term
sarc
Definition
flesh, muscle
Term
thel
Definition
nipple
Term
-elle
Definition
small
Term
-gen
Definition
formation, cause, produce
Term
-genesis
Definition
origin, cause
Term
-genic
Definition
pertaining to formation, causing, producing
Term
-oid
Definition
resemblance to
Term
-oma
Definition
abnormal swelling, tumor
Term
-osis
Definition
process or condition that is usually abnormal
Term
-plasia
Definition
a shape, formation (may also be used as a word root)
Term
-plasm
Definition
somethin shaped (may also be used as a word root)
Term
-sis
Definition
state of
Term
-some
Definition
body
Term
-um
Definition
pertaining to
Term
chromosome
Definition
an X-shaped structure in a cell's nucleus that bears DNA; all human cells contain 46, except mature sex cells which contain 23
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
a thick fluid that contains organells an forms the main substance of the cell
Term
neuroglial cells
Definition
supportive cells within nervous tissue
Term
neuron
Definition
a specialized cell of nervous tissue
Term
nucleus
Definition
the part of the cell that contains DNA
Term
organelle
Definition
small structures within the cytoplasm that perform most cell functions, such as the construction of molelcules and the release and storage of energy
Term
organism
Definition
the complete human body that is capable of survival
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
tissue consisting of closely arranged cells that are flat, cube-shaped, or columnar
Term
epithelium
Definition
tissue consisting of closely arranged cells that are flat, cube shaped, or columnar
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
muscle tissue that forms the wall of the heart and pushes blood through the circulatory system
Term
cell membrane
Definition
the outer boundary of the cell, composed of mostly protein and lipids (fats), which regulates the movement of materials in and out of the cell
Term
connective tissue
Definition
tissue consisting of widely scattered cells surrounded by extracellular material rich in protein fibers and fluid that connects, supports, and protects; it is found in bones, joints, and in between organs
Term
genes
Definition
components of DNA that carry hereditary information
Term
gland
Definition
a structure made of one or more cells with the primary function of secretion
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
tissue consisting of cells that are specialized to contract
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
tissue consisting of cells that are specialized to carry information in the form of electrochemical impulses
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
muscle tissue that connects to bones and whose contraction causes bones to move
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
muscle tissue within the walls of hollow organs whose contractions propel materials through them
Term
anaplasia
Definition
a loss of structural organization in a tissue that is permanent
Term
dysplasia
Definition
abnormal tissue development
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue, other than by tumor development
Term
metastasis
Definition
the spreading of cancer cells from the primary tumor
Term
remission
Definition
improvement or absence of signs of disease
Term
adenocarcinoma
Definition
a malignant tumor of glandular epithelial tissue; abbreviated Adeno-Ca
Term
adenoma
Definition
a benign tumor of glandular tissue
Term
benign
Definition
adjective describing a noninvasive, slow growing tumor; nonmalignant
Term
cancer in situ
Definition
cancer in early stages prior to metastasis (generally means confined to a place of origin)
Term
cancer
Definition
a disease characterized by the aggressive, unregulated growth of abnormal cells and their spreading to other tissues
Term
carcinoma
Definition
a cancer, or malignant tumor
Term
carcinogen
Definition
a substance that causes cancer
Term
epithelioma
Definition
a tumor that originates from epithelium, usually from the skin
Term
fibroma
Definition
a benign tumor of fibrous connective tissue
Term
fibrosarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor originating from fibrous connective tissue
Term
leimyoma
Definition
a benign tumor of smooth muscle
Term
leimyosarcoma
Definition
a carcinoma that originates from smooth muscle
Term
lipoma
Definition
a benign tumor of fat tissue
Term
lymphoma
Definition
a malignant solid tumor of lymphoid tissue
Term
malignant
Definition
an adjective describing an agressive, life-threatening, invasive tumor
Term
melanoma
Definition
a cancer that bears a dark pigment, usually arising from pigment producing cells of the skin
Term
myoma
Definition
a benign tumor of muslce tissue
Term
neoplasm
Definition
a new growth of abnormal calls; a tumor
Term
neuroma
Definition
a tumor that originates from nervous tissue
Term
oncogenic
Definition
adjective meaning causing tumors
Term
osteosarcoma
Definition
a malignant cancer of bone
Term
rhabdomyoma
Definition
a benign tumor that originates from skeletal muscle, which consists of rod-shaped cells
Term
rhabdomyosarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor that originates from skeletal muscle, which consists of rod-shaped cells
Term
sarcoma
Definition
a tumor arising from connective tissue that is almost always malignant
Term
oncogenes
Definition
mutated genes that cause the reproduction of mutated cells as a result of substances called carcinogens
Term
suppressor genes
Definition
genes that are present in the DNA that slow or stop cell growth and division
Term
chemotherapy
Definition
treatment using drugs; abbreviated chemo
Term
cytology
Definition
the field of study concerned with the structure and function of cells
Term
cytologist
Definition
the scientist or technician who studies cell structure and function
Term
histologist
Definition
a scientist or technician who studies or identifies tissues
Term
histology
Definition
the study of tissue
Term
oncology
Definition
the study of tumors
Term
radiotherapy
Definition
treatment of cancer using radioactive materials
Term
Mets
Definition
metastasis
Term
TNM
Definition
tumor, node, metastasis
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