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Definition
-Building blocks of plants and animals
-come from pre-existing cells
-smallest unit that performs all physiological function |
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| nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm |
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| Cell Membrane/plasma membrane |
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Definition
Fluid Mosaic Model: phospholipid bilayer and protein
-molecules that are soluble in the lipid membrane can pass through easily
-impermeable to water-soluable molecules like: sugar, protein, amino acids
-covers and protects, controls in and out, links to other cells, tells others what it is |
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| carrier or transporter protein |
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Definition
| carries substance across membrane |
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| allows ions to move through |
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non-membranous
cytosol, site of chemical reactions, energy released by reactions to provide cell maintenance and growth
formed by cytoskeleton
-microfilament: actin, provide mechanical strength
-intermediate filament: cell shape and stability
-microtubule: tubulin, provides strength, stability, anchoring organelles, cilia, flagella, centrioles, spindle bibers |
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membranous
Rough ER: protein synthesis, connected to nuclear envelope
Smooth: Lipid synthesis, steriod synthesis, storage of glycogen and calcium, detox of drugs |
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Definition
| membranous sacs called cisternae, modify and package proteins |
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| membranous, ATP, powerhouse of the cell, metabolic processes |
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| membranous garbage disposals, digestive enzymes, form from golgi apparatus |
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membranous
enzymes (peroxidase) and catalase
detoxify toxic substances, found in liver |
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Definition
| centrioles (microtubules) near nucleus, 2 centrioles and pericentriolar material |
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non0membranous
microtubules |
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| transport, small sac formed by budding off from a membrane |
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| nuclear envelope, separates from cytoplasm |
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Definition
| ribosome synthesis, chromatin, chromosome (DNA proteins) histones |
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Definition
| Nucleus, copy DNA to RNA on ribosomes |
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Definition
| cytoplasm, ribosomes read transfer to amino acids |
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Passive: diffusion, favilitated diffusion, osmosis (moves across the cell without using energy)
Active: ATP (moves against concentration gradient) vesicles |
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Definition
| endocytosis, exocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis (cell eating, takes in solids) |
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| Cell gets ready for division, |
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Definition
PMAT,
prophase: Chromatin fibers change into chromosomes
Metaphase: microtubules align at metaphase plate, center
Anaphase: pairs split and move to opposite sides and become chromosomes
Telephase: 2 nuclei formed, 2 sets of chromosomes in chromatin form |
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