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| low concentration Na+, high concentration K; more sodium out than in, more Potassium in than out |
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| moving against concentration gradient, uses primary (ATP), secondary (energy stored in an ionic concentration |
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| three types: receptor-mediated, phagocytosis, bulk-phase |
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| numerous, short, hair-like projections extending from the surface of a cell, move materials across the surface of the cell |
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| similar to cilia, much longer; usually moving an entire cell; only example in humans: sperm |
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| tiny spheres consisting of ribosomal RNA several Ribosomal proteins; occur free (singly or clusters) or together w/ endoplasmic reticulum; site of protein synthesis |
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| flattened sacs called sisterns; have ribosomes: rough, no ribos: smooth; transports substances, sotres newly synthesized molecules, synthesized and packages molecules, detoxifies chemicals |
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| destroy unneeded, damaged, or faulty proteins, contain proteases which cut proteins into small peptides |
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| cellular respiration, central cavity known as matrix, self-replicate using their own DNA, increases the need for ATP, circular DNA w/ 37 genes, mitochondrial DNA are usually inherited only from the mother, site of ATP production by catabolism of nutrient molecules |
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| most prominent feature of cell, not all cells have nucleus, skeletal muscle multiple, RBCs don't have any, cell's hereditory units, called genes, which are arranged in single file along chromosomes |
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