Term
| 4 roles of glycocalyx for a bacteria |
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Definition
1. Protect from drying
2. Allow to survive by being a source of nutrients when nothing else exists
3. allow to attach to surface
4. protect from being recognized by immune system |
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Term
| Role of flagella on bacteria |
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Definition
| propell bacteria & corkscrew effect |
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Term
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Definition
| possessed by spirochetes; wrapped around bacteria and outer surface; allows corkscrew effect |
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Term
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Definition
1. allow bacteria to stick to each other
2. allow bacteria to stick to host
3. allow bacteria to create biofilms |
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Term
| 2 roles of Pili in bacteria |
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Definition
1. Move bacteria through substrate to another bacteria (pull rope)
2. Allow conjugation & transfer of DNA between bacteria |
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Term
| What are plasmids in bacteria? |
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Definition
| Small molecules of DNA that replicate independently of chromosomes |
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Term
| Advantage of plasmids for bacteria |
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Definition
| allow them to acquire ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE |
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Term
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Definition
1. Durability (under extreme conditions)
2. Pathogenicity (allow cell to release toxins) |
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Term
| How are bacterial ribosomes different from eukaryotic ribosomes? |
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Definition
- smaller (70S)
- 2 subunits: 30S (polypeptides + 1 rRNA) and 50S (polypeptides + 2 rRNA) |
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Term
| basic difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell |
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Definition
1. No nucleus, vs. nucleus
2. Prokaryotes: no membrane-bound organelles (eg. no membrane-bound DNA); Eukaryotes: organelles bound by phospholipid bilayer |
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Term
| Eukaryotes with cell walls & composition |
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Definition
1. Algae & plants- cellulose
2. Fungi - kitin
3. Some protozoa |
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Term
| Possible flagellar arrangement on bacteria |
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Definition
Endoflagella- completely surround the cell
Petrichious -cover entire surface of cell
Amphitrichious- at both ends of cell
monotrichious - just one at one end
Lophotrichious- a tuft at one end |
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Term
| Basic structure of peptidoglycan |
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Definition
| Peptidoglycan = chains of NAG & NAM (2 regularly alternating sugars) connected by cross-bridges of 4 amino acids (tetra-peptide bridges) |
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Term
| Structure of Gram Positive cell wall |
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Definition
Thick peptidoglycan +
Teichoic acid or liphoteichoic acids (alcohol contributing to strengh)
negative overall charge |
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Term
| Structure of Gram Negative Cell wall |
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Definition
Thin peptidoglycan +
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (including lipid A)
Porins (integrative proteins) |
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Term
| Role of cell wall in bacteria |
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Definition
1. Structure & shape
2. Protects from osmotic forces
3. Allows attachement to another cell
4. Protects against antimicrobial drugs |
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Term
| 3 types of motility present in microbial eukaryotes |
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Definition
1. Flagella (eukaryotes: undulate; prokaryotes: rotate)
2. Cilia (Not found in prokaryotes)
3. Pseupodes |
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Term
| Division in one plane produces... |
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Definition
| diplococci & streptococci |
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Term
| division in two planes produces |
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Definition
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Term
| divisions in three planes |
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Definition
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Term
| division in multiple planes |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| stiff spiral-shaped bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| flexible spiral-shaped bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| irregularly shaped bacteria |
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Definition
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