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y German-born physicist Albert
Einstein offered startling new ideas on space, time, energy, and matter. |
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Since relative motion is the key
to Einstein’s idea, it is called the theory of relativity |
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The ideas of Austrian physician Sigmund
Freud were as revolutionary as Einstein’s. |
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In their search for meaning in an uncertain world,
some thinkers turned to the philosophy known as existentialismIn their search for meaning in an uncertain world,
some thinkers turned to the philosophy known as existentialism. |
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The existentialists were influenced by the German philosopher Friedrich
Nietzsche. |
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Surrealism, an art movement that sought to link the world of dreams with
real life, was inspired by Freud’s ideas. |
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| A new popular musical style called jazz emerged in the United States. |
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In 1927, an American pilot named Charles
Lindbergh captured world attention with a 33-hour solo flight from New York to
Paris. |
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When no single party won a majority, a
coalition government, or temporary alliance of several parties, was needed to
form a parliamentary majority |
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Germany’s new democratic government was set up in 1919.Known as the Weimar
Republic, it was named after the city where the national assembly
met. |
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A
long business slump, which would come to be called the Great Depression, followed. |
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s In 1932, in the first presidential election after the
Depression had begun, U.S. voters elected Franklin D. Roosevelt. |
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Roosevelt immediately began a program of government reform that he
called the New Deal. |
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| Fascism (FASH•IHZ•uhm) was a new, militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to the state and obedience to its leader. |
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A newspaper editor and politician named Benito Mussolini boldly promised to
rescue Italy by reviving its economy and rebuilding its armed forces. |
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When Mussolini became dictator of Italy in the mid-1920s, Adolf Hitler was a
little-known political leader whose early life had been marked by disappointment. |
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Its policies
formed the German brand of fascism known as Nazism |
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While in jail, Hitler wrote Mein Kampf (My
Struggle). |
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Hitler also declared that Germany
was overcrowded and needed more lebensraum, or
living space. |
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| The British urged appeasement, giving in to an aggressor to keep peace |
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A month later, Germany also made an agreement
with Japan. Germany, Italy, and Japan came to be called the Axis Powers. |
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In July 1936, army leaders, favoring a
Fascist-style government, joined General Francisco Franco in a revolt. |
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Many Americans supported
isolationism, the belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided. |
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s On November 5, 1937, Hitler announced to his
advisers his plans to absorb Austria and Czechoslovakia into the Third Reich ,
or German Empire. |
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The
Munich Conference was held on September 29, 1938. The Czechs
were not invited. |
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