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| the outermost layer of the brain; controls high-level mental processes such as thought |
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| A depression marking off an area of the cerebral cortex |
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| one half of the cerebral cortex; each half controls the opposite side of the body |
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| a large bundle of nerve fibers that transfer information from one half of the brain to the other |
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| major divisions of the cerebral cortex |
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| division of the cerebral cortex that contains the motor strip, prefrontal area, and frontal association area |
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| division of the cerebral cortex that contains the sensory strip |
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| band running down the side of the frontal lobe that controls all bodily movements (called motor functions) |
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| band running down the side of the parietal lobe that registers and provides all sensation |
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| division of the cerebral cortex that interprets visual information |
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| division of the cerebral cortex responsible for hearing and some speech functions |
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| part of the frontal lobe that enables us to re-experience personal past events |
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| part of the frontal lobe that engages in elaborate associations or mental connections; it plays an important part in integrating personality and in forming complex thoughts |
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| control; either the right or left hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is dominant in each individual; hence, one of them is preferred and controls the majority of actions performed |
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| part of the brain common to animals and humans that regulates basic functions such as breathing |
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| part of the lower brain that functions primarily as a central relay station for incoming and outgoing messages from the body to the brain and the brain to the body |
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| part of the lower brain that regulates basic needs (hunger, thirst) and emotions such as pleasure, fear, rage, and sexuality |
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| lower brain area whose structures are involved in basic emotions and memory |
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| limbic system structure involved in emotion, especially agression |
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| limbic system structure involved in forming memories |
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| part of the lower brain that coordinates and organizes bodily movements for balance and accuracy |
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| Reticular activating system (RAS) |
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| the alertness control center of the brain that regulates the activity level of the body; also called the reticular formation |
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| a nerve cell; neurons transmit electrical and chemical information (via newrotransmitters) throughout the body |
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| parts of neurons that recieve information from the axons of other neurons |
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| part of the neuron that carries messages away from the cell to the dendrites on another neuron |
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| the junction point of two or more neurons; a connection is made by neurotransmitters |
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| bubblelike containers of neurotransmitters, located at the ends of axons |
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| chemicals in the endings of neurons that send information across synapses |
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| neurotransmitter that regulates basic bodily processes such as movement |
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| neurotransmitter involved in the control of bodily movements |
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| neurotransmitters that relieve pain and increase our sense of well-being |
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| the brain and spinal cord |
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| part of the body that functions as an automatic "brain" in its own right and as a relay station for impulses to and from the higher brain |
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| an automatic behavior of the body involving movement that is activated through the spinal cord without use of the higher brain |
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| Peripheral nervous system |
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| all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord |
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| a division of the peripheral nervous system containing sensory and motor nerves |
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| the automatic control system of the body; regulates breathing, hear rate, digestion, and so on |
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| Sympathetic nervous system |
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| a division of the autonomic nervous system that energizes and prepares for emergencies |
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| Parasympathetic nervous system |
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| a division of the autonomic nervous system that conserves bodily activity; works in opposition to the sympathetic system to calm us down |
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| chemical regulators that control bodily processes such as emotional responses, growth, and sexuality |
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| units of the body that contain the hormones |
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| system that includes all the glands and their chemical messages taken together |
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| the master glad; it activates other glands and controls the growth hormone |
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| the hormone that regulates the growth process; it is controlled by the pituitary gland |
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| the gland that controls and regulates the speed of bodily processes; called metabolism |
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| the speed at which the body operates or the speed at which it uses up energy |
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| glands that cause excitement in order to prepare the body for an emergency or for some important activity |
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| chemical that prepares the body for emergency activity by increasing blood pressure, breathing, and energy level |
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| the sex glands; they make sperm or eggs for reproduction |
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