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Chapter 3 - Cells
Terms and definitions
22
Physiology
10th Grade
08/30/2011

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Term
cell membrane
Definition
The selectively permeable outer boundary of a cell consisting of a phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins; plasma membrane or cytoplasmic membrane.
Term
nucleus
Definition
A cellular organelle enclosed by a double-layered porous membrane and containing DNA; the dense core of an atom composed of protons and neutrons
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
the contents of a cell, excluding the nucleus and cell membrane.
Term
organelles
Definition
a part of a cell that performs a specialized function
Term
selectively permeable
Definition
A membrane that allows some molecules through but not other; semipermeable.
Term
cytoskeleton
Definition
A cell’s microscopic framework of protein filaments and tubules.
Term
endoplasmic reticulum
Definition
Organelle composed of a system of connected membranous tubules and vesicles along which protein
Term
ribosomes
Definition
Organelle composed of RNA and protein that is a structural support for protein synthesis and includes RNA molecules that function as enzymes
Term
Golgi apparatus
Definition
An organelle that prepare cellular products for secretion
Term
Mitochondria
Definition
Organelle housing enzymes that catalyze the reactions of aerobic respiration
Term
lysosomes
Definition
Organelle that contains digestive enzymes
Term
peroxisomes
Definition
these membranous sacs are abundant in the liver and kidney cells.
Term
microfilaments
Definition
a tiny rod of actin protein in cytoplasm that provides structural support or movement
Term
microtubules
Definition
A minute, hollow rod of the protein tubulin
Term
centrosome
Definition
Cellular organelle consisting of two centrioles
Term
cilia
Definition
microscopic, hairlike processes on the exposed surfaces of certain epithelial cells.
Term
flagella
Definition
motile tail-like structure on sperm
Term
vesicles
Definition
membranous cytoplasmic sac formed by infolding of the cell membrane
Term
nuclear envelope
Definition
consists of inner and outer lipid bilayer membranes
Term
nucleolus
Definition
a small structure within the cell nucleus that contains RNA and proteins
Term
chromatin
Definition
DNA and complexed protein that condenses to form chromsomes during mitosis
Term
diffusion
Definition
random movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration toward one of the lower concentration.
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