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| scientific study of interactions among organisms and between organsisms and their environment/surroundings |
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| How do ecologists understand relationships within the biosphere? |
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| Ask questions about events and organsisms that range in complexity from a single individual to the entire biosphere |
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| combined portions of the planet |
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| How do ecologists understand relationships within the biosphere? |
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| Ask questions about events and organsisms that range in complexity from a single individual to the entire biosphere |
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| combined portions of the planet |
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| Levels of organization are |
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| small people can eat bread- species, populations, communities, ecosystems, biome |
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| groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area |
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| assemblages of different population that live together in a defined area |
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| collection of all the organisms that live in a particular place together with their nonliving or physical environment |
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| group of ecosystems that have the same climate and similar dominant communities |
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| scientists research using |
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| observing, experimenting, and modeling |
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| test hypothesis with artifician and natural environments |
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| helps gain insight into complex phenomena, use mathematical formulas based on data and experiments, models are tested by more observations and experiments |
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| main source of life on earth is |
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| how much of the sun's energy is used by living things |
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| capture energy from sun to produce food |
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| make their own food (autotrophs) |
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| plants that use light energy to produce/convert watcher+carbon dioxide into food and oxygen |
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| cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) |
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| use chemical energy to create food |
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| consumers-rely on other organisms for their energy and food supply |
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| eat only animals (owl, snake) |
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| eat plant/animal remains [dead matter] (worm) |
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| break down organic matter (bacteria) |
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| flows through an ecosystem in one direction. from sun or inorganic compounds to autotrophs(producers) and then to various heterotrophs(consumers) |
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| series of steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten. ex: algae-zooplankton-smallfish-squid-shark |
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| network of complex interactions formed by various organisms in an ecosystem (all food chains in an ecosystem linked together) |
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| each step in a food chain or food web |
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| 1st trophic level is always |
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| 2nd+ trophic levels will be |
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| diagram that shows the relative amounts of energy/matter contained within each trophic level in a food chain/web |
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| 3 types of ecological pyramids |
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| energy, biomass, pyramids of numbers |
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| How many trophic levels can a food chain support |
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| only part of energy stored in one tropic level is passed on to the next level because |
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| organisms use for life processes |
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| 10% of energy available whithin 1 trophic level is |
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Definition
| transferred to the next trophic level |
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| total amount of living tissure within a given trophic level |
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| based on the numbers of individual organisms at each tropic level |
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| is recycled within and between ceosystems |
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| matter passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another |
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| water chages from liquid form to a gas |
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| evaporation from leaves and plants |
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| chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life |
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| every living organism needs nutrients to |
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| build tissues and carry out essential life functions |
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| is the key ingradient of living tissue |
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| the key ingredient of living tissue is |
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| bacteria converts nitrogen gas in to ammonia |
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| bacteria converts nitractes into nitrogen |
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| forms part of life-sustaining molecules like DNA/RNA |
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| is NOT recycled in atmosphere |
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| rate organic matter is created by producers |
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| when an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarece or cycles very slowly |
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| immediate increase inthe amount of algae and other producers that results form a large input of a limiting nutrient |
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| sunlight, inorganic compounds |
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| first level that has nonliving factors |
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| without biogeochemical cycles |
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| nutrients would not be circulated through the biosphere |
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