Term
| PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| all the neurons that are not in the central nervous system. carries information to and from the central nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of the brain and spinal cord. receives and interprets information and initiates responses. |
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Term
| SOMATIC DIVISION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| connects the central nervous system to the muscles and skin |
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Term
| AUTONOMIC DIVISION OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| connects central nervous system to the organs and glands in the body. |
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Term
| SYMPATHETIC BRANCH OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that increases arousal. |
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Term
| PARASYMPATHETIC BRANCH OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM |
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Definition
| part of the autonomic division of the nervous system that decreases arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| death that is probably caused by an overly strong response of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic division of the nervous system. |
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Term
| LOCALIZATION OF THE FUNCTION |
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Definition
| the fact that different parts of the brain control different behaviors. |
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Term
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Definition
| the practice of identifying an individuals characteristics by measuring lumps on his or her skull. |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for "higher mental functions" such as thinking. |
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Term
| HEMISPHERES (two halves of the cerebrum) |
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Definition
controls functions on opposite sides of the body.
left hemisphere tents to control language and analytical thinking.
right hemisphere controls emotions, spatial relationships, and recognition. |
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Term
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Definition
Covers hemispheres.
where higher mental processes are carried out. |
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Term
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Definition
(frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital)
structural parts of the hemisphere in which the functional areas are located. |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of the hemispheres that are responsible for receiving sensory info (sight, sound, touch) controlling motor behavior, and forming associations |
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Term
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Definition
(cavities in a bodily part)
ducts in the hemispheres that drain off fluids. |
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Term
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Definition
(large band of fibers)
connects to hemispheres. |
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Definition
| responsible for motor movements |
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Term
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Definition
(chamber)
responsible for initial screening of incoming sensory stimuli. |
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Term
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Definition
(border, around brain stem)
responsible for homeostasis, processing of memories, and aggression. |
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Term
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Definition
(below thalamus)
responsible for homeostasis (mood, appetite, sex, and sleep) |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for the storage of information in the long-term memory |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for aggression and processing of some emotional memories |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for the coordination of motor movements and the storage of memory for simple responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for generating arousal and initiating basic life functions. |
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Term
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Definition
(inner core)
generates general arousal, regulates basic processes, such as resperation and heart rate, and controls simple responses such as coughing and swallowing. |
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Term
| RETICULAR ACTIVATING SYSTEM |
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Definition
(network of nerves)
ascending system carries stimulation to upper parts of the brain to maintain alertness.
Descending system detects activity in the upper parts of the brain and then stimulates the brain stem to increase arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| primarily a connection between the brain stem and higher areas of the brain, but it also generates arousal, especially during some phases of sleep. |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of the front of the parietal lobes in which feelings like touch/pain are interpreted. |
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Term
| PRINCIPLE OF TOPOGRAPHICAL ORGANIZATION |
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Definition
| more sensitive areas are given more space?? |
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Term
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Definition
| areas throughout the hemispheres where information is brought together and integrated. |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of the back of the frontal lobes that are responsible for the initiation of body movements. |
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Term
| LATERALIZATION OF FUNCTIONS |
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Definition
| the fact that each hemisphere influences different aspects of behavior (language and analytical thinking in the left; emotions, spatial relationships and recognition in the right) |
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Term
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Definition
| bundle of axons that extends down from the brain that carries information and does limited info processing |
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Term
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Definition
| bones that surround the spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| a neuron in the spinal cord that plays a role in the reflexive responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| responses that are processed in the spinal cord rather than in the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder caused by a break in a lower portion of spinal cord resulting in loss of areas below waist |
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Term
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Definition
| disorder caused by a break in upper part of spine resulting in loss of control of parts of body below neck. |
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Term
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Definition
| layers of membranes in which the brain and spinal cord are wrapped and which serve to protect them. |
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Term
| SPINAL/CEREBRAL MENINGITIS |
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Definition
| disorders that involves the inflammation of the meninges that protect the brain or spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord that provides a cushion of protection. |
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Term
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Definition
| cell in the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the neuron that contains the genetic material that determines what role the neuron will play in the system |
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Term
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Definition
| branch-like structures that extend from the body of a neuron and to which other neurons make connections |
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Term
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Definition
| arm-like structure that extends out from the body of a neuron and which carries the impulse of the next neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of insulation that covers the axons of some neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| gaps in the myelin sheath that speeds the transmission of the impulse along an axon |
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Term
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Definition
| the point at which one neuron stimulates the next neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| small gap that separates the end of an axon from the dendrites or body of the next neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical impulse that travels down the axon. |
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Term
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Definition
| electrical impulse that travels down the axon. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical that is released at the end of an axon and which flows across the synaptic cleft to stimulate the next neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| opening on the dendrite or body of a neuron into which a neurotransmitter flows to stimulate the neuron. |
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Term
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Definition
| neuron that releases the neurotransmitter which then flows across the synaptic cleft |
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Term
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Definition
| neuron that is stimulated by the neurotransmitter after it flows across the synaptic cleft. |
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Term
| REUPTAKE (of a neurotransmitter) |
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Definition
| process by which the portion of a neurotransmitter that has not been used to stimulate the next neuron is absorbed by the presynaptic neuron |
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Term
| CATABOLISM (of a neurotransmitter) |
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Definition
| process by which a neurotransmitter is destroyed by other agents |
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Term
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Definition
| neuron that makes a connection to a presynapic neuron and which when it fires causes the presynaptic neuron not to release its neurotransmitter, thereby inhibiting neurotransmission |
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Term
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Definition
| neurotransmitter that plays a role in the muscle activity among other things. low levels lead to parkinsons disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that is converted into dopamine in the body and used to treat parkinsons disease |
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Term
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Definition
| the movement of neurons to different parts of the brain during brain development. |
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Term
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Definition
| death of redundant or unused axons |
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Term
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Definition
| immature cells which if properly stimulated can develop into any type of cell in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the fact that some neurons can take on the functions of other neurons that have died. |
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Term
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Definition
| group of glands that secrete hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| fluids secreted by glands which then influence processes such as growth and arousal. |
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Term
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Definition
| gland that increases the growth hormone and other hormones that cause other glands to release their hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| gland that releases the growth hormone and other hormones that cause other glands to release their hormones |
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Term
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Definition
| during stress, glands secrete cortisol, leading to more energy, and secrete epinephrine and norepinephrines which increase physiological arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| gland that produces insulin that aids in getting glucose into the cells for use. |
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Term
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Definition
| glands (ovaries, and testes) that are responsible for the secondary sex characteristics and reproductive functions |
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Term
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Definition
| gonads of the female which secrete estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| gonads of the male which secrete androgens |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetically produced hormones containing adrenalin that increase arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| synthetically produced hormones that increase bone and muscle growth |
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Term
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Definition
| strands of hereditary material(genes) in the cell body. each cell contains 23 pairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| sections of the chromosomes that contain DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| controls the chemical reactions that control biological development |
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Term
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Definition
| genes which when paired with recessive genes take precedence in controlling development (genes for brown eyes are dominant over genes for blue eyes) |
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Term
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Definition
| genes which when paired with dominant genes do not take precedence in controlling development |
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