SPECIALIZED CELLS THAT CONVEY SENSORY INFORMATION INTO THE BRAIN; 

CARRY OUT THE OPERATIONS INVOLVED IN THOUGHT, FEELING, AND ACTION; AND TRANSMIT COMMANDS OUT INTO THE BODY TO CONTROL MUSCLES AND ORGANS. 

FATHER OF NEUROSCIENCE & N.LAUREATE

HE DREW OUT THE NEURONS. 

N. LAUREATE

CREATED THE GOLGI-STAINED 

RAMON USED THIS TECHNIQUE FOR THIS DRAWINGS OF NERUONS. 

HAVE SINGLE PROCESS, PSEUDO UNIPOLAR NEURONS

FOUND IN: DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA OF SPINAL NERVES

HAS ONE AXON AND NO DENDRITE

FOUND IN: RETINA OF EYE, INNER EAR, AND OLFACTORY MEMBRANE

ONE AXON, 2 OR MORE DENDRITES

FOUND IN: MOTOR NEURONS, INTER NEURONS, ALL OTHER NEURONS

SHAPE: MULTIPOLAR

COMMUNCATION DESCRIPT.:OUTPUT BRAIN TO MUSCLES/ORGANS

SHAPE: UNIPOLAR OR BIPOLAR 

FUNCTION: INPUT TO BRAIN FROM RECEPTORS

SHAPE: MULTIPOLAR

COMMUNCATION: WITHIN/BETWEEN LOCAL NEURONS

MAKE CONNECTIONS OVER SHORT DISTANCES, DON'T NEED LONG AXONS. LOTS AND LOTS OF THESE NEURONS

EXTENSIONS THAT BRANCH OUT FROM THE CELL BODY TO RECEIVE INFO FROM OTHER NEURONS

(GREAT QUANTITY AND SMALLER THAN AXON)

LIPIDS - CREATES THE DOUBLE-LAYER MEMBRANE

&

PROTEINS HOLD CELLS TOGETHER, CONTROLS ENVIRONMENT

"HEAD" END - HYDROPHILIC

"TAIL" END - HYDROPHOBIC

DIFFERENCE IN CHARGE BETWEEN THE INSIDE AND OUTSIDE OF THE MEMBRANE OF A NEURON AT REST. 

TYPICAL NEURON'S RP IS ~-70mV

caused by unequal distribution of ions on either side of membrane

Outside contains mostly Na+ and Cl- 

Inside contains mostly K+ and organic Anions (A-)

-Inside of neuron has more negative ions than positive, while the ions on the outside are positive. 

THIS MAKES THE RP NEGATIVE

CONSISTS OF LARGE PROTEIN MOLECULES THAT

MOVES 3 Na+ outside for every 2 K+ inside

CAUSED BY EXCITORY SIGNALS THAT HAPPENS IN A SMALL AREA OF THE MEMBRANE

CHANGE IN ION BALANCE, WHICH AFFECT ADJACENT MEMBRANE