Term
| Contains mechanisms of inheritence |
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Definition
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Term
4 Nitrogenous Bases
____ pairs with ____
_____ pairs with ____ |
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Definition
Adenine pairs with Thymine
Guanine pairs with Cytosine |
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Term
| The two Purines are ____ and ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| The two Pyrimidines are ____ and ____. |
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Definition
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Term
A nucleotide consists of
1.________
2.________
3.________ |
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Definition
Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogeous Base |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins consist of sequences of _____ ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 nitrogenous bases made up a ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Each codon specifies a single _____ _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| All living organisms use the same DNA codes to specfiy proteins except ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Replication takes place in the ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| ____ _________ travels along a single strand of DNA and proofreads the strand. |
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Definition
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Term
Accurate replication requires:
1._______
2._______ |
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Definition
DNA Polymerase
Complementary Base Pairing |
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Term
| An inherited alteration of genetic material that is rare is termed a ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| One base pair replaces another is which type of mutation? |
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Definition
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Term
| Insertion or deletion of one or more base pairs is which type of mutation? |
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Definition
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Term
_________ increase frequency of mutations.
Examples: radiation, nitrogen mustard, vinyl chloride, formaldehyde. |
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Definition
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Term
| Having a mutation with no previous exposure to a mutagen is termed a ________ mutation. |
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Definition
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Term
Protein synthesis requires two processes. These two processes are:
1._______
2._______
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Definition
Transcription
Translation |
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Term
| 3 things that make RNA different from DNA. |
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Definition
1. Different sugars
2. Uracil instead of Thymine
3. RNA usually occurs as a single strand. |
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Term
| Transcription occurs in the _____ of the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Process of manufacturing RNA from a DNA template; forms mRNA. |
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Definition
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Term
| The process by which RNA directs the synthesis of protein is called _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| A DNA strand has the sequence TAGAGA. What is the complementary strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| The enzyme most important for DNA replication is ____ _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Process by which RNA directs synthesis of protein. |
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Definition
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Term
| Translation occurs in the ______ of the cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| For protein synthesis (during Translation), complementary base pairing occurs between _____ and _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| After translation, the protein is released in the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two types of human cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| A Gamete (Sperm or Egg cell) possesses _ _ chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
Gametes are:
1.) Haploid
or
2.) Diploid |
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Definition
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Term
| All cells other than gametes are termed _______ cells. |
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Definition
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Term
| The nucleus of somatic cells contains _ _ chromosomes in _ _ pairs. |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatic cells are formed through mitosis and ___________. |
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Definition
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Term
| 22 of the 23 chromosomal pairs are ______. |
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Definition
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Term
Females have _ _ chromosomes.
Males have _ _ chromosomes. |
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Definition
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Term
Karyotypes are arranged from ______ to _________, with the _____ chromosomes placed last. |
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Definition
Largest to smallest
Sex chromosomes last. |
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Term
| The leading cause of mental retardation and miscarriage. |
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Definition
| Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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Term
______ cells have the normal number of chromosomes.
Examples: Gametes, Somatic cells |
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Definition
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Term
_________ is a Euploid cell with more than diploid number of chromosomes.
Examples: Liver, bronchial, epithelial tissues |
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Definition
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Term
| A cell that does not contain a multiple of 23 chromosomes is an ________ cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| Aneuploidy is typically caused by _________, an error in which homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Trisomies of ___, ____, and ___ chromosomes are often consistent with life. |
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Definition
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Term
Loss of chromosomal material is worse than duplication.
TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
Aneuploidy of sex chromosomes is less serious than aneuploidy of autosomes.
TRUE or FALSE |
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Definition
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Term
| There is little genetic material on the _ chromosome. |
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Definition
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Term
| Best example of Aneuploidy is _______, also known as Trisomy 21. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is it increasing, maternal age or paternal age, that increases the risk of having a child with down syndrome? |
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Definition
| Maternal Age (the age of the egg) |
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Term
Sex chromosome abnormalities are more common in:
MALES OR FEMALES |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common sexual chromosomal abnormality is ________. |
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Definition
Trisomy X
- no overt physical abnormalities
-Sterility
-Menstrual irregularity
-mental retardation |
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Term
| This syndrome is characterized by the presence of a single X chromosome. |
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Definition
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Term
| This syndrome is characterized by the presence of 2 X chromosomes and 1 Y chromosome. |
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Definition
Klinefelter Syndrome
- 47, XXY |
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Term
This syndrome is the result of deletion of part of chromosome #5.
- Characteristics include: cat cry, low birth weight, severe mental retardation, microcephaly, heart defects. |
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Definition
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Term
| An ______ is 2 breaks on the chromosome. |
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Definition
Inversion
-May or may not have physical effects. |
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Term
| The interchange of genetic material between nonhomologous chromosomes is termed a __________. |
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Definition
Translocation
-The carrier would be normal but the offspring can have duplications/deletions. |
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Term
A fragile site, located on the long arm of the X chromosome, is associated with what syndrome.
- More likely to affect males.
-2nd most common genetic cause of mental retardation. |
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Definition
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Term
| _______ is the postion of the gene on the chromosome. |
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Definition
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Term
The genes at a particular locus can take different forms (i.e. they can be composed of different nucleotide sequences) called ________.
Ch 2. Pg 46. |
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Definition
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Term
| The composition of genes at a given locus is known as the _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| The outward appearance of an individual, which is the result of both genotype and environment, is the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| A carrier is genotypically ________, and phenotypically ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The childs mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. The father is _ _? |
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Definition
The father would be (Bb).
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Term
| Transmission of Huntington Chorea is associated with ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Percentage of individuals with genotype who also exhibit phenotype is known as _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| __________ is the extent of variation in phenotype associated with a particular genotype. |
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Definition
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Term
| The most common and severe of all X-linked recessive disorders is ________ _______ _______ (DMD)! |
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Definition
| Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
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Term
Most common lethal recessive disease is _______ _______.
- The defective transport of chloride ions-salt imbalance |
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Definition
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Term
| Cystic Fibrosis is caused by an _____ _______ gene. |
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Definition
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Term
| _ _ _ gene on Y chromosome initiates gonadal determination. |
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Definition
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Term
| During the first meiotic stage, the arms of homologous chromosome pairs intertwine and sometimes exchange portions of their DNA in a process known as _________. |
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Definition
| Crossing over (Crossover) |
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Term
| The process of forming new arrangements of alleles is called ____________. |
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Definition
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