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Supine

Patient is lying on back with knees straight and arms at sides. 

maybe used for examination of the Anterior (front) body surfaces, breast examinations, x-rays, and some surgical procedures.

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Prone

Patient is lying on stomach, with knees straight; forearms maybe under the head or at sides.

Maybe used for examination of Posterior (back) body surfaces and for some operations.

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Patient is lying on back, with knees bent and feet flat on examination table, arms at sides.

Maybe used for examinations of the abdomen, occasionally for vaginal or rectal examinations, for childbirth and for some surgical positions.

Patient is lying on back, with knees bent, thighs abducted (apart) and feet resting in stirrups

Maybe used for female pelvic examinations, rectal examinations, some operations, and sometimes in childbirth

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Knee-Chest

Patient's head, chest, and kness are flat against the examining table, knees are bent, and weight is resting primarily on the knees and chest. 

Maybe used for rectal examinations, artificial insemination, and some surgical procedures.

Patient lies on the left side, with left arm behind; left knee is slightly bent, and right knee is flexed rather sharply.

Maybe used for administering rectal suppositories and enemas, for certain examinations and surgical procedures.

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Trendelenburg

Patient lies supine at an angel with the head lower than the trunk, knees bent, and feet below the level of the knees. 

Maybe used to prevent and treat shock in trauma patients, for radiological examinations, or during some operations.

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Modified Trendelenburg

Patient lies supine, with the head lower than the trunk, and the knees straight.

Maybe used to prevent and treat shock in trauma patients, for radiological examinations, or during some operations.

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Sitting:

Patient sits on the examing table, with knees bent; feet are often supported on a footrest.

May be used for auscultation of the heart and lungs, or take BP, or Check HEENT and for portions of neurological exam. 

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Fowler's

Patient is sitting, with legs extended, and the trunk at a 90-degree angle; the back is supported, and sometimes the knees are elevated.

Maybe used for examination of the heart and lungs, to promote respiration in patients who have shortness of breath, and for examination of the feet and lower legs.