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Definition
| Behavioral and Quantitative Viewpoints |
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Definition
– Management science
– Operations management |
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Term
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Definition
| – Emphasized the importance of understanding human behavior and of motivating employees toward achievement |
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Term
| The behavioral viewpoint developed over three phases: |
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Definition
1. Early behaviorism
2. The human relations movement
3. Behavioral science approach |
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| Early Behaviorism Was Pioneered by... |
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Definition
| Munsterberg, Follett, & Mayo |
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Definition
– Father of industrial psychology
1. Study jobs and determine which people are best suited to specific jobs
2. Iden0fy the psychological conditions under which employees do their best work
3. Devise management strategies to influence employees to follow management’s interests |
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Definition
– social worker and social philosopher
1. Organizations should be operated as “communities”
2. Conflicts should be resolved by having managers and workers talk over differences and find solutions that would satisfy both parties
3. The work process should be under control of workers with relevant knowledge |
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Definition
– Employees worked harder if they received added attention, thought that managers cared about their welfare and that supervisors paid special attention to them
– Elton Mayo |
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| The Human Relations Movement Was Pioneered by... |
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Definition
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Definition
– Proposed that better human relations could
increase worker productivity
– Abraham Maslow and Douglas McGregor |
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| Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs |
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Definition
Self-actualization
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological |
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Term
| Douglas McGregor – Theory X versus Theory Y |
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Definition
• Theory X
– represents a pessimistic, negative view of workers
– workers are irresponsible, resistant to change, lack ambition, hate work, and want to be led
• Theory Y
– represents an optimistic, positive view of workers
– workers are considered capable of accepting responsibility, self-direction, self control and being creative |
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Term
| Why Theory X/Theory Y Is Important |
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Definition
| • Can help managers avoid falling into the trap of the self-fulfilling prophecy - the idea that if a manager expects a subordinate to act in a certain way, the worker may, in fact, very well act that way, thereby confirming the manager’s expectations |
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Term
| The Behavioral Science Approach |
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Definition
| – Relies on scientific research for developing theories about human behavior that can be used to provide practical tools for managers |
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Term
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Definition
| Management Science & Operations Research |
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Definition
– Application to management of quantitative techniques, such as statistics and computer simulations
– Management science, operations management |
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Term
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Definition
| Stresses the use of rational, science-based techniques and mathematical models to improve decision making and strategic planning |
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Term
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Definition
– Focuses on managing the production and delivery of an organization’s products or services more effectively
– Work scheduling, production planning, facilities location and design |
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