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Chapter 29
Fertilization?
40
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
05/07/2012

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Term
Reproduction comes from
Definition
mesoderm
Term
– Fertilization occurs in
Definition
Fallopian tube 12-24 hours after ovulation
Term
– Ovum surrounded by
Definition
corona radiata and zona pellucida
Term
enzymes from acrosome of sperm
Definition
help penetrate membrane
Term
– Syngamy occurs when
Definition
spermatozoon penetrates secondary oocyte
Term
secondary oocyte completes
Definition
meiosis II
Term
– Zygote is result of
Definition
union of male and female pronucleus
Term
• Development during pregnancy part 1
Definition
• Formation of morula
Term
– Early mitotic cleavage divisons of zygote forms
Definition
solid ball of cells called morula
Term
– By 4 1/2 to 5 days morula has developed into
Definition
blastocyst
Term
blastocyst
Definition
hollow ball of cells with inner cell mass at one end
Term
• Trophoblast
Definition
- outer covering of cells (Outer even covering)
Term
• Embryoblast
Definition
- inner cell mass (Cells trying to get in) (Where baby develops)
Term
• Blastocele
Definition
- internal fluid-filled cavity (Inner portion)
Term
• Development during pregnancy part 2
Definition
• Implantation
Term
– About 6 days after fertilization,
Definition
blastocyst implants in wall of endometrium (endometrium in secretory phase[dominated by the release of progesterone])
Term
– Trophoblast develops
Definition
two layers
Term
two layers
Definition
that help the blastocyst penetrate uterine lining and become buried in endometrium
Term
• Embryonic development
Definition
first 2 months
Term
– Blastocyst develops into
Definition
gastrula stage with 3 germ layers (gastrulation stage-where we are seeing differentiation of layers)
Term
• Ectoderm
Definition
amnion and external features. helps regulate body temperature. Helps make skin, nervous system, eyes, ears.
Term
• Endoderm -
Definition
yolk sac and internal features. Systems develop respiratory and digestive.
Term
• Mesoderm
Definition
- line blastocele and form middle structures. (in between Trophoblast and blastocele) Forms muscles and bones. Cardiovascular comes from mesoderm.
Term
• Amnion
Definition
fluid-filled sac surrounding embryo; serves as shock absorber and Yolk sac - early site of blood formation
Term
• Yolk Sac
Definition
early site of blood formation
Term
• Allantois
Definition
- small, vascularized outpouching of yolk sac; serves as early site of blood formation; later forms umbilical cord
Term
• Chorion
Definition
derives from trophoblast and mesoderm; becomes principal embryonic part of placenta
Term
– Neurulation and organ system formation
Definition
formation of neural tube and rest of organ systems develops over two month period of embryonic stage (Develop brain and spinal cord)
Term
• Fetal growth -
Definition
after 2 months, organs are formed and fetus grows rapidly and takes on human appearance
Term
Name of baby once it reaches 2 months
Definition
FETUS
Term
• Inheritance
Definition
passage of hereditary traits from one generation to another (1199)
Term
Alleles
Definition
– Genes coding for same trait and at same chromosomal location
Term
– Mutation
Definition
permanent heritable change in a gene
Term
– Phenotype
Definition
how genetic makeup is expressed (outward appearance); heterozygous individuals are carriers
Term
– Genotype
Definition
- genetic makeup of an individual
Term
• Dominant
Definition
allele that dominates or masks presence of another allele (One that its expressed, it will overcome other traits)
Term
• Recessive
Definition
allele whose presence is masked
Term
• Homozygous
Definition
both alleles same
Term
• Heterozygous
Definition
one dominant and one recessive allele
Term
• Incomplete dominance
Definition
heterozygous condition is different than dominant or recessive traits
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