Term
| Name the 3 series of ducts in the Male reproductive system? |
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Definition
•Epididymysis
•Ductus Deferentia
•Urethra
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Term
What are the 3 accessory glands in the male reproductive system?
And how do they contribute to sperm production ?
Which accessory gland empties into the ejaculatory duct?
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Definition
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Term
•What are the supporting structures of the male reproductive system ?
•And what muscles regulate body temperature?
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Definition
•Scrotum & Penis
•Dartos and Cremaster muscles
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Term
Describe the Perineum in the Male reproductive system?
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Definition
•Diamond shaped area between thighs ie: Urogenital and Anal triangle
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Term
•Name the glands in the testes?
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Definition
•Endocrine glands secretes testosterone
•Exocrine glands secretes sperm cells
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Term
•Approximately how long are the testes?
•What are the testes described as?
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Definition
•4 -5 cm long.
•Small, Ovoid organs
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Term
•What divides the testes into about 300 – 400 cone-shaped lobules?
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Definition
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Term
•Where does sperm develop?
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Definition
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Term
•What is the combined distance of the seminiferous tubules in both testes?
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Definition
•Testes
•Empty into Rete Testis (tubular network)
•Which in turn empties in to Efferent ductules( 15- 20 tubules )
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Term
What cells secrete testosterone?
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Definition
•Interstitial cells
•Leydig cells
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Term
•In what order does the descent of the testes happen?
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Definition
•Abdominal Cavity through the
•Inguinal canal to the
•Scrotum
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Term
•When are the testes developed?
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Definition
•5 weeks following fertilization
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Term
•Fibro muscular cord, connecting testis to labio scrotal swelling?
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Definition
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Term
when does the inguinal canal develop ?
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Definition
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Term
What is the out pocketing of the perineum?
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Definition
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Term
•What surrounds the testes?
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Definition
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Term
•Failure of or both of the testes to descend into the scrotum.
•Prevents normal sperm development due to temperature rise?
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Definition
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Term
•How long does it take for sperm cells to be produced?
•Where are 50 of days spent at?
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Definition
•74 days
•Seminiferous tubules
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Term
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•Why does sperm production begin at puberty ?
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Definition
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•Cause before puberty the seminferous tubules don’t have lumen in order to produce sperm
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Term
•Where is Spermatozoa or Spermatogenesis occur?
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Definition
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Term
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•Spermatids develop what?
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Definition
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•Acrosome which contains the enzymes necessary for the sperm to penetrate female sex cell
•Flagellum which is what contains the head , midpiece, and neck
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Term
•What are the names for sustentacular cells and what are their functions.
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Definition
•Nurse cells and sertoli cells
•Nourish Germ cells
•With interstitial cells produce hormones ie: androgens, estrogens, and inhibins.
•Form a blood testis barrier between spermatogonia and sperm cells
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Term
•What is the site of sperm maturation?
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Definition
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Term
•
•Passes from epididymis into abdominal cavity
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Definition
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Term
•Joining of the ductus deferens and seminal vesicle?
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Definition
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Term
| About how long is the male urethra? |
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Definition
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Term
•Extends from urinary bladder to distal end og penis
• & is the passageway for urine and male reproductive fluids?
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of the urethra |
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Definition
•Prostatic urethra
•Membranous urethra
•Spongy or Penile urethra
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Term
•What is the shortest part of the urethra ?
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Definition
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Term
•What is the longest part of the urethra?
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Definition
•The spongy (penile) urethra
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Term
•How many columns of erectile tissue is there?
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Definition
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Term
•Two of the erectile columns that form the dorsum and sides of the penis is called?
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Definition
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Term
•Forms the ventral portion of the penis and extends to expands to form a cap (glans penis)
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Definition
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Term
| What covers the glans penis? |
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Definition
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Term
•The spongy urethra passes through the corpus spongiosum penetrates glans penis and opens as the ?
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Definition
•External Urethral Orifice
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Term
Surgical removal of prepuce?
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Definition
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Term
•Composite of sperm cells + Secretion?
•Discharge of semen in to prostatic urethra ?
•Forceful expulsion of semen from urethra?
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Definition
•Semen
•Emission
•Ejaculation
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Term
•Age at which individuals become capable of sexual reproduction?
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Definition
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Term
Before puberty small amounts of what inhibit GnRH release?
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Definition
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Term
•Why is there an increase in FSH,LH, & testosterone hormones during puberty?
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Definition
•Because testosterone does not completely supress GNrH release resulting in increased FSH, LH & testosterone.
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Term
| Required to initiate and maintain male sexual behavior |
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Definition
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Term
•What does testosterone cause?
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Definition
•1. Development of male sex organs in embryo
•2. Stimulates descent of testes
•3. Enlargement of genitals
•4. Necessary for sperm cell formation
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Term
•Explain the complex of series of reflexes that create the Male Sex Act?
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Definition
•1. Erection of Penis
•2. Secretion of mucus into the urethra
•3. Emission
•4. Ejaculation
•5. orgasm which is associated with ejaculation
•6. Resolution when the penis becomes flaccid and an overall feeling of satisfaction exists and the male is unable to produce erection or a second ejaculation until minuted to hours later!
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Term
•What are the 4 stimulations for a man’s erection?
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Definition
| Tactile, Psychological, Parasympathetic,& sympathetic |
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Term
•What happens when there is stimulation of parasympathetic division ?
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Definition
| Erection due to vasodilation of blood vessels |
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Term
•What happens when there is a sympathetic stimulation
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Definition
•Causes Erection
•Emission &
•Ejaculation
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Term
•Explain Erectile Dysfunction ?
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Definition
•Inability to achieve or maintain an erection
•Or cant accomplish the male sex act
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Term
•The production of a secondary oocyte in ovaries?
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Definition
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Term
•How many oogonia do the ovaries contain by the fourth month of development?
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Definition
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Term
•Is a primary oocyte surrounded by a single layer of flat cells called granulosa cells
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Definition
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Term
When does primordial follicle become a primary follicle?
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Definition
•When ooccyte enlarges and cells change
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Term
•Primary follicle becomes?
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Definition
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Term
•What is a graafian follicle?
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Definition
•Is a secondary follicle that enlarges to become a mature graafian cell
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Term
•Is the release of a secondary oocyte from an ovary?
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Definition
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Term
•primary oocyte completes first meiotic division in women to produce what?
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Definition
•Secondary oocyte and a polar body
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Term
•Where does second meiotic division in women start & stop?
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Definition
•Secondary oocyte
•Methaphase II
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Term
•What is does vulva mean? & what does it consist of?
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Definition
•Another word is pudendum
•Or is also known as the external female genitalia
•It consists of the vestibule which is the space into which the vagina opens posteriorly and the urethra opens anteriorly
Includes Labia majora, clitoris, & labia minora |
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Term
Forms borders on side of vestibule
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Definition
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Term
•Contains 2 erectile structures, corpora cavernosa but there is no corpora spongiosa?
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Definition
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Term
•Unites to form mons pubis?
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Definition
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Term
•Organs of milk production locates within mammae or breasts
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Definition
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Term
•What do mammary glands consist of ?
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Definition
•15-20 glandular lobes
•Adipose tissue
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Term
•What ligaments support the breasts?
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Definition
•Cooper’s Ligament
•AKA Suspensory ligaments
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Term
•How does puberty begin in women?
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Definition
•With Menarche
•Or fisrt menstrual bleeding
•When GnRH levels increase
•Usually around 11 -16 years old
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Term
•Usually how long is one menstrual cycle?
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Definition
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Term
•Name the phases of the Menstrual Cycle and the days that correspond to each one?
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Definition
•1. Menses 5 days
•2. Proliferative Phase 6 – 13 days
•3. Secretory phase 15 – 23 days
•4. Menses Final 5 daya
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Term
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Definition
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Term
•What are some causes for amenorrhea?
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Definition
•Anorexia causes a decrease in GnRH
•Athletes who exercise intensively
•Physical stress and no food lowers GnRH
•Head tumors that decrease FSH and LH or GnRH
•Lack of hormones secreted from the ovaries can be caused by auto immune disease or by polycystic ovarian disease cysts in the ovary produce lots of androgens which is converted in to estrogen
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Term
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•What is the difference between primary amenorrhea and secondary ?
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Definition
•Primary Amenorrhea is when you don’t have your period till puberty.
•Secondary Amenorrhea is when after having normal period your periods stop.
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Term
•Explain the process of ovulation?
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Definition
•1. Follicle swell and ruptures, secondary oocyte is released from ovary.
•2. 2nd meiotic division is completed when secondary oocyte unites with sperm cell to form zygote
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Term
•Explain the fate of a follicle?
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Definition
•1. Graafian follicle becomes corpus luteum
•2. if fertilization occurs, corpus luteum persists
•3. If no fertilization occurs it becomes corpus albicans
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Term
•What are the 3 parts of the uterus?
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Definition
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Term
•What are the 3 layers of the uterus and what are they composed of?
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Definition
•1. Perimetrium- Serous Membrane
•2. Myometrium- Smooth Muscle
•3. Endometrium- Mucous Membrane
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Term
•What is another name for the fallopian tubes?
•And where do they open at? What do they transport?
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Definition
•Uterine tubes or oviducts
•Opens directly into peritoneal cavity to receive oocyte from ovary
•Transports oocyte or zygote from ovary to uterus
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Term
| Female organ of copulation which allows menstrual flow and childbirth. |
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Definition
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Term
•The perineum is divided into 2 triangles name the 2 triangles and what they contain?
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Definition
•Urogenital: contains external genitalia
•Anal triangle: anus
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Term
•What is the clinical perineum ?
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Definition
•Region between vagina and anus
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Term
•What does female sexual behavior depend on?
•What is the correlation between androgens and steroids?
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Definition
•Hormones & Psychological factors
The adrenal gland and other tissues such as the liver converts steroids such as progesterone in to androgens |
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Term
| Describe the female sex act? |
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Definition
•Well it Is all parasympathetic stimulation
•1. Blood engorgement in clitoris and around vaginal opening
•2. Nipples are erected
•3. Mucous like fluid is extruded into vagina and through wall
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Term
•True or false is an orgasm in women necessary for fertilization?
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
•The removal of proteins and the modification of glycoproteins of sperm cell membranes
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Term
•Explain female fertility ?
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Definition
•Well the sperm is ejaculated into vagina during copulation and transported through the cervix and uterine tubes to ampulla
•Then sperm undergo capacitation
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Term
•Oocyte can be fertilized up to how many hours after ovulation ?
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Definition
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Term
•How long can sperm cells be viable for in female tract?
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Definition
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Term
•What is an ectopic pregnancy?
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Definition
| When implantation occurs anywhere but the uterine cavity. |
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Term
•Name the behavioral methods to control pregnancy?
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Definition
•Abstinence- which is not having sex
•Coitus Interruptus- pulling out method
•Rhythm Method- No SEX during ovulation
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Term
•Explain the lactation methods of pregnancy control ?
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Definition
•Inhibits FSH anf LH release therefore prevents menstrual cycle for a few months after birth
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Term
•Explain the chemical methods ?
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Definition
•Oral Contraceptives- which is birth control
•Injections- of depo-provera last 3 months
•Implants- of depo-provera which can last up to 5 years
•Morning after pill- elevated levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit prgnancy
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Term
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•Name the surgical methods of pregnancy control ?
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Definition
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•Vasectomy- cut and tie ductus deferens
•Tubal ligation- uterine tubes are tied
•Abortion- terminated pregnancies
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Term
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•What are the female effects of aging?
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Definition
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•1. Menopause
•2. Decrease in size of uterus and vaginal wall thins
•3. Age related increase in breast, uterine, and ovarian cancer.
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Term
•Name the aging effects of men in reproductive abilities?
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Definition
•1. decrease in size & weight of testes
•2. decrease sperm production
•3. Prostate gland enlarges and there is an increase in cancer
•4. Decrease in sexual activity
•5. Impotence is age- related
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