-eukaryotic, unicellular, colonial, multicellular

-nutrition: aerobic, photoautotrophs, heterotrophs, mixotrophs

-ingestive (protozoa), photosynthetic (algae), absorptive (fungus like)

-moltility: flagella, cilia, psuedopodia

-life cycles: asexual (mitosis), sexual (mieosis & syngamy) and cysts

-habitat: aquatic (plankton), & moist terrestrial areas

Syngamy

Mixotrophs

-combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition 

-EX: Euglena

-has a contractile vacoule

Cysts

-resistant cells that are formed at some point in the life cycle of a protist that can survive harsh conditions

-symbiotic relationship b/w two seperate cells

• both lack mitochondria 
• Diplomonads: mutiple flagella, 2 seperate nuclei, simple cytoskeleton, no plastids.

EX: Giardia lamblia[image]

• Parabasalids: include a protist called trichomonads

• both photosyn. and heterotro. flagelletes
• many are heterotrophic or mixotrophic, absorbing organic molecules from their surroundings or engulfing prey by phagocytosis

• symbiotic and some are pathogenic to their hosts
• EX: Trypanosoma (transmitted by Tsetse fly): causes African sleeping sickness

• unicellular protists with subsurface cavities (alveoli)-help stabilize the cell surface and regulate the cell's water and iron content
• Dinoflagelletes: red tides (deadly toxins)-Gonyaulax
• Ciliates: paramecium, stentor
• Apicomplexons: all parasitic, plasmodium (malaria) 

Oomycotes

(water mold)

-water molds

-also includes white rusts and downy mildews, which are all heterotrophic stramenopiles that lack chloroplasts

Chrysophytes

(golden algae)

-golden algae

-named from the color, from the yellow and brown carotene and xanthophyll accessory pigments

Phaeophytes

(brown algae)

-brown algae and seaweed, largest and most complex algae

-uses: food source, thickening agents, agar, cosmetics

Rhodophyta

(Red algae)

-red algae that lack flagella

-most abundunt large eukaryotic algae in warm coastal waters

-green algae and plants evolved from a common photoautotrophic ancestor

-unicellular (chlamydomonas), colonial (volvox), filamentous (spirogyra)

-two organisms living together

-chlorophytes that live symbiotically with fungi in mutualistic collectives

-cellular extentions that help protists move and feed

Rhizopoda

(Amoebas)

Actinopoda

(Heliozoans & Radiolarians)

-Heliozoan- freshwater protists with stiff axopodia used for feeding

-Radiolarian- marine forms with glassy shells that differ in shape for each species

Foraminifera

(Forams)

-forams- marine; fossilized shells of forams components of marine sediments and sedimentary rocks

Mycetozoa

(slime molds)

-"fungus animals"

-slime molds that have structural adaptions and life cycles that enhance their ecological role as decomposers

Evolutionary Trends

• Filamentous Cyanobacteria -> specialized cells
• Complex Communities -> species w/ metabolic specialties
• Compartmentalization within cells -> Eukaryotes

-process where sexual shuffling of genes occurs

[image]