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| research whose goal is to increase the understanding of human behavior often by testing hypotheses based on a theory |
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| research whose goals are to enlarge the understanding of naturally occurring events and to find solutions to practical problems |
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| variables of the hypothesis which represent something abstract such as " memory, feeling, mood" etc. |
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| the specific procedure for manipulating or measuring a conceptual variable. I/e making the conceptual variable testable |
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| the extent to which the variables used in a study measure the variables in the study they were designed to measure and the manipulations manipulated the proper variables. |
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| a method of measuring variables using participant feedback of their thoughts feelings and actions in an experiment |
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| a procedure in which participants are placed under the assumption that their answers are being checked by an infallible lie detector. |
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| What can affect self reports? |
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Definition
1. The desire of the participants to be perceived a certain way
2. the way the questions of the report are asked.
3. the context in which the questions are asked
4. Self reports often ask people to explain their past selves and these memories are prone to error |
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| Interval contingent self reports |
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| asking participants to give feedback at regular intervals |
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| Event contingent self reports |
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| asking participants to give feedback on events ASAP |
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| the degree to which different observers agree on their observations of the same thing. |
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| examining research and records of past events and behaviors such as newspaper articles, medical records, police reports, etc. Researchers can view the research without confounding it but also do not always find complete records. |
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| Asking people questions about their attitudes and beliefs on a specific topic. Some research can only be through surveys b/c they involve variables that are impossible/ethical to study. Surveys must have a defined population first to be accurate |
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| research designed to measure the association between variables that are not manipulated by the researcher. |
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| correlational coefficient |
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Definition
| a statistical measurement of the strength and direction of the association between 2 variables |
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| Advantages of Correlational research |
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Definition
| studies the associations of naturally occuring phenomena without manipulation. can examine phenomena that would be difficult to create experiments for like shark attacks. gives researchers freedom in chosing the research setting |
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| Disadvantages of Correlational research |
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| causation is not correlation |
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| variables that characterize preexisting differences among the participants in a study |
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| What is the minimum percentage of statistical significance |
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| the degree to which it can be assumed that the independent variables caused an effect on the dependent variables. |
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| a factor other than the IV that affects the DV |
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| What is useful for eliminating confounding variables and increasing internal validity? |
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Definition
| Control groups, b/c they experience all variables except for the IV. |
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| Experimenter expectancy effects |
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Definition
| the effects produced when an experimenters expectations about an experiment influence their behavior towards certain participants and influence the participants responses. this is best corrected with a double blind study |
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| the extent to which the conditions of the experiment mimmick real life conditions. giving confidence that if tested in the real world, a similar result would be reached |
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| the degree to which experimental design resembles real world places and events. Basically how real it felt for the participants |
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| the degree to which experimental procedures are involving to participants and lead them to behave naturally and spontaneously. |
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| what bennefits does deceptions have |
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| it strengthens experimental realism. it allows the experimenter to create situation in a lab that would be difficult to find in a natural setting. |
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Definition
| a set of statistical procedures used to review a body of evidence by combining the results of individual studies to measure the overall reliability and strength of particular effects. Combine the data of multiple studies basically. |
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