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| Brittish replace cotton with opium. The chines government banned opium and sent people over to supervise the ban. He sent Lin Zexu) to Guangzhou (canton) to superintend the ban. He destroyed a six month supply of opium which lead to a big confrontation. War Broke out. The treaty of Nanjing ended the war |
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| of which there where 14 by the 1960’s were little islands of privilege and security, under the rule of foreign consuls, where capital was form confiscation, trade was free, and “squeeze” extortion by officials) was the exception. |
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| the treaty of Nanjing was the first of the unequal treaties. The treaty gave Britain the island of Hong kong and a huge indemnity. It also opened five ports which british people could live and british merchants where appointed as consuls for each city. |
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| One of three events that caused china’s population to drop by 60 million. The taipings where begun by Hong Xiuquan, a school teacher from the southern province of Kwanqtung. Hong was influenced by protestant tracts. He announced that he was the younger brother of jesus and that he was told to rid china of Manchus, Confucians, Daoists, and Buddhists. The taipings , like earlier rebels, combined moral reform, religious fervor, and a vision of egalitarian society. The taiping where joined by peasants, miners and workers. Fighting spread until the taipings controlled most of the Yangzi basin and had entered 16 of the 18 chinese provinces. Their army number close to a million. The taipings collapsed when Nanjing was captured in 1864. |
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| BOXER REBELLION (AGAINST IMPERIALISTS IN CHINA)- |
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| They rebelled first in shandung in 1898, and, gaining court support, entered Beijing in 1900. There followed a two-month siege of the foreign legation quarter. The rebellion was fueled by pent-up resentment against decades of foreign encroachments. |
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| A student from Hunan, Who had worked in the Beijing University library, returned to Changsha to form a study group |
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| emperor during opium war/ has to concede to all that england is asking and other states, |
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| EMPEROR PU YI, ATHE LAST EMPEROR@: |
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| last emperor of china in the qing dynasty |
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| The war was finally ended in August 1842 by the Treaty of Nanjing, the first of the "unequal treaties."The treaty gave Britain the island of Hong Kong and a huge indemnity. It also opened five ports: Fuzhou, Guangzhou, Ningpo, Shanghai, and Xiamen (Amoy). |
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| KOREA* AND ITS SIGIFICANCE FOR CHINA AND JAPAN : |
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| : Its only foreign ties were with China and Japan. In 1876, Japan "opened" Korea to international relations, using much the same tactics that Perry had used against Japan. Japan then contended with China for influence in Korea. Japn and china then had a war for Korea |
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| overthrow of the Tokugawa bakufu in japan in 1868 and the transfer or restoration of power to th imperial goverment under the emperor Meji |
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| SUN YAT-SEN (FIRST LEADER OF THE CHINESE REPUBLIC): |
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| ): Since 1905, Sun had enunciated his "three principles of the people": nationality, livelihood, and rights. Sun's nationalism was now directed against Western imperialism. The principle of people's livelihood was defined in terms of equalizing land holdings and nationalizing major industries. By "people's rights" Sun meant democracy, although he argued that it must be preceded by a preparatory period of single-party dictatorship. |
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| Sun sent his loyal lieutenant Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) (1887–1975) to the Soviet Union for study. Jiang returned after four months with a cadre of Russian advisers and established a military academy at Huangpu south of Guangzhou in 1924. He then gathered an army of 100,000 and fought against the war lords won and used his army to stabalize the goverment. Jiang was conservative and, though a Methodist, often appealed to Confucian values. The New Life Movement begun by Jiang in 1934 was an attempt to revitalize these values. Eventually he was defeated by communists and Jiang fled to Taiwan |
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| Sun Zhongshan (or Sun Yat-sen)), a republican revolutionary. He organized the Revolutionary Alliance in Tokyo in 1905 and was associated with the Nationalist Party (Guomindang) formed in 1912 (GMD that held control of china for many hears Jiang was the president and was beaten by communist in the end) |
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| The nationalist fervor that led the students to demonstrate in the streets changed the complexion of Chinese thought. Leading thinkers began to judge ideas in terms of their value in solving China's problems. |
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| The nationalist party after defeating the communist formed this type of the goverement that ruled china for a decade eventually it was taken over by communism. |
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| THE MANCHU (QING) EMPIRE(REPLACED BY THE CHINESE REPUBLIC): |
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| empire of china that survived the taiping rebellions (dynasty of 12 chines emperors) it was replaced by thte Chinese Republic was the president Yuan Shikai |
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| was the leader of the communist party that eventually beat the nationalist movement |
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| flight of the chinese communists from there natiolist foes to northwest china 1934 |
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| . But because Japan had gained its special position in Manchuria at the cost of 100,000 lives in the 1905 Russo-Japanese War, it saw its claim to Manchuria as similar to that of Western nations to their colonies. From the late 1920s, the Guomindang unification of China and the blossoming of Chinese nationalism threatened Japan's special position. Japanese army units tried to block the march north and murdered the Manchurian warlord when he showed signs of independence. In this crisis, the party government in Tokyo equivocated, hoping to preserve a status quo that was crumbling before its eyes. The army saw Manchuria as a buffer between the Soviet Union and the Japanese colony of Korea. In 1931, the army provoked a crisis, took over Manchuria, and pro-claimed it an independent state in 1932. When the League of Nations condemned this action, Japan withdrew from the league in 1933. |
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| was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city of Edo, now Tokyo. The Tokugawa shogunate ruled from Edo castle until the Meiji Restoration. |
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| *COMMODORE MATTHEW PERRY (ON BEHALF OF PRESIDENT MILLARD FILLMORE) IN JAPAN: |
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| Then at mid-century, the American ships of Commodore Perry came and forced Japan to sign a treaty, opening it to foreign intercourse with the Convention of Kanagawa in 1854. |
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| was a war fought between Qing Dynasty China and Meiji Japan over the control of Korea. The Sino-Japanese War would come to symbolize the degeneration and enfeeblement of the Qing Dynasty and demonstrate how successful westernization and modernization had been in Japan since the Meiji Restoration as compared with the Self-Strengthening Movement in China. The principal results were a shift in regional dominance in Asia from China to Japan and a fatal blow to the Qing Dynasty and the Chinese classical tradition. These trends would result later in the 1911 Revolution |
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| DUTCH EAST INDIES* (= INDONESIA): |
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| When Japanese troops took southern Indochina in July 1941, the United States embargoed all exports to Japan; this cut Japanese oil imports by 90 percent. The navy's general staff argued that oil reserves would last only two years; after that the navy would lose its capability to fight. Its general staff pressed for the capture of the oil-rich Dutch East Indie |
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War between russia and Japan that was over Korea and Sakhalin and Liaotung Peninsula, ended with the treaty of portsmouth
THE TREATY OF PORTSMOUTH [NEW HAMPSHIRE]: The resulting treaty gave Japan the Russian lease in the Liaotung Peninsula, the Russian railway in south Manchuria, the southern half of Sakhalin, and a recognition of Japan's "paramount interest" in Korea, which was annexed in 1910. |
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| AMERICAN PRESIDENT THEODORE ROOSEVELT : |
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| President Theodore Roosevelt (1858–1919) proposed a peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire. The resulting treaty gave Japan the Russian lease in the Liaotung Peninsula, the Russian railway in south Manchuria, the southern half of Sakhalin, and a recognition of Japan's "paramount interest" in Korea, which was annexed in 1910. |
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