Term
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Definition
| A neuron that detects changes in the external/internal environment and sends info about these changes to the CNS |
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Definition
| A neuron located within the CNS that controls the contraction of a muscle or the secretion of a gland. |
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Definition
| A neuron located entirely within the CNS. |
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Term
| Central Nervous System (CNS) |
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Definition
| The brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Definition
| The part of the nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the nerves attached to the brain and spinal cord. |
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Definition
| The cell body of a neuron, which contains the nucleus. |
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Definition
-A branched structure attached to the soma of a neuron
-Receives info from the terminal buttons of other neuron. |
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Definition
| a junction between the terminal button of an axon and the membrane of another neuron |
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Definition
| The long, thin, cylindricl structure that conveys info from the soma of a neuron to its terminal buttons. |
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Definition
| A neuron with 1 axon and many dendrites attached to its soma. |
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Definition
| A neuron with 1 axon and 1 dendrite attach to its soma |
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Definition
-A neuron with 1 axon attached to its soma
-The axon divides, one branch receiving sensory info and the other sending the info into the CNS. |
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Definition
-The bud at the end of a branch of an axon
-Forms synapses with another neuron and sends info to that neuron |
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Definition
| A chemical that is released by a terminal button and has an excitatory or inhibitory effect on another neuron. |
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Definition
| A structure consisting principally of lipid molecules that defines the outer boundaries of a cell and also constitutes many of the cell organelles. |
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Definition
| The viscous,semi-liquid substance contained in the interior of a cell. |
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Definition
| An organelle that is responsible for extracting energy from nutrients |
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Term
| Adenosine triphosphate(ATP) |
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Definition
A molecule of prime importance to cellular energy metabolism.
-Its breakdown liberates energy |
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Definition
| A structure in the central region of a cell, containing the chromosomes. |
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Definition
-A strand of DNA, with associated proteins, found in the nucleus
-Carries genetic info |
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Definition
| The functional unit of the chromosome, which directs synthesis of one or more proteins. |
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Definition
| Formed of microtubules and other protein fibers, linked to each other and forming a cohesive mass that gives a cell its shape. |
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Definition
| A molecule that controls chemical reaction, combining 2 substances or breaking a substance into 2 parts. |
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Definition
| An active process by which substances are propelled along microtubules that run the length of the axon |
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Definition
-A long strand of bundles of protein filaments arranged around a hollow core
-Part of the cytoskeleton and involved in transporting substances from place to place within the cell. |
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Definition
| The supporting cells of the CNS. |
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Definition
| A glia cell that provides support for neurons of the CNS, provides nutrients and other substances,and regulates the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid |
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Definition
| The process by which cells engulf and digest other cells or debris caused by cellular degeneration |
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Definition
| A type of glial cell in the CNS that forms myelin sheaths |
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Definition
| A sheath that surrounds axons and insulates them, preventing messages from spreading between adjacent axons. |
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Definition
| A naked portion of a myelinated axon, between adjacent obligodendroglia or Schwann celss |
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Definition
-the smallest of glial cells
-Act as phagocytes and protect the brain from invading microorganisms. |
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Definition
| A cell in the PNS that is wrapped around a myelinated axon, providing one segment of its myelin sheath |
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Definition
| A semipermeable barrier between the blood and the brain produced by the cells in the walls of the brain's capillaries |
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Definition
-A region of the medulla where the blood-brain barrier is weak
-poisons can be detected there and can initiate vomitting |
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Term
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Definition
| A conductive medium that can be used to apply electrical stimulation or to record electrical potentials. |
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Definition
| A very fine electrode, generally used to record activity of individual neurons. |
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Definition
-The electrical charge across a cell membrane
-The difference in electrical potential inside and outside the cell. |
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Definition
| A laboratory instrument that is capable of displaying a graph of voltage as a function of time on the face of a cathode ray tube. |
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Definition
| -The membrane potential of a neuron when it is not being altered by excitatory or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials; 70mv |
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Definition
| Reduction(toward 0) of the membrane potential of a cell from its normal resting potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Discovered that if a blue dye is injected into an animal's bloodstream all tissues except the brain and spinal cod will be tinted blue. |
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Definition
| An increase in the membrane potential of a cell, relative to the normal resting potential. |
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Definition
| the brief electrical impulse that provides the basis for conduction of info along an axon. |
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Definition
| The value of the membrane potential that must be reached to produce an action potential. |
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Definition
| Movement of molecules from regions of high concentration to regions of low concentration. |
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Definition
| An aqueous solution of a material that ionizes-namely, a soluble acid,base,or salt |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| The attractive force between atomic particles charged with opposite signs or the repulsive force between atomic particles charged with the same sign |
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Definition
| the fluid contained within cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Body fluids located outside of cells |
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Term
| Sodium-potassium transporter |
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Definition
| A protein found in the membrane of all cells that extrudes sodium ions from and transports potassium ions into the cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| A specialized protein molecule that permits specific ions to enter or leave cells. |
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Term
| Voltage-dependent ion channel |
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Definition
| An ion channel that opens or closes according to the value of membrane potential |
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Term
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Definition
| The principle that once an action potential is triggered in an axon, it is propagated, without decrement, to end of the fiber |
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Definition
| The principle that variations in the intensity of a stimulus or other info being transmitted in an axon are represented by variations in the rate at which that axon firs. |
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Definition
| Conduction of action potentials by myelinated axons |
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Definition
| Alterations in the membrane potential of a postsynaptic neuron, produced by liberation of neurotransmitter at the synapse. |
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Term
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Definition
| The location on a receptor protein to which a ligand binds. |
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Definition
| A chemical that binds with the binding site of a receptor |
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Definition
| A small bud on the surface of a dendrite, with which a terminal button of another neuron forms a synapse. |
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Definition
| The membrane of a terminal button that lies adjacent to the postsynaptic membrane and through which the neurotransmitter is released |
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Definition
-The cell membrane opposite the terminal button in a synapse
-The membrane of the cell that receives the message. |
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Definition
| The space between the presynaptic membrane and the postsynaptic membrane. |
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Definition
-A small, beadlike structure found in terminal buttons
-Contains molecules of a neurontransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| A region of the interior of the interior of the presynaptic membrane of a synapse to which synaptic vesicles attach and release their neurontransmitter into the synaptic cleft. |
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Term
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Definition
| A receptor molecule in the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse that contains a bind site for a neurotransmitter |
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Term
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Definition
| A receptor that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter and an ion channel that opens when a molecule of the neurotransmitter attaches to the binding site. |
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Term
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Definition
| A receptor that contains a binding site for a neurotransmitter, activates an enzyme that begins a series of events that opens an ion channel elsewhere in the membrane of the cell when a molecule of the neurotransmitter attaches to the binding site. |
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Term
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Definition
-A protein coupled to a metabotropic receptor.
- Conveys messages to other molecules when a ligand binds with and acitvates the receptore |
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Term
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Definition
-A chemical produced when a G protein activates an enzyme
-Carries a signal that results in the opening of the ion channel or causes other events to occur in the cell |
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Term
| Exxitatory postsynaptic potential (ESPS) |
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Definition
| An excitatory depolarization of the postsnaptic membrane of a synapse caused by the liberation of a neurotransmitter by the terminal button |
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Term
| Inhibitory postsnaptic poetntial |
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Definition
| An inhibitory hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane of a synapse caused by the liberation of a neurotransmitter by the terminal button |
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Term
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Definition
| The reentry of a neurotransmitter just liberated by a terminal button back through its membrane, thus terminating the post synaptic potential |
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Term
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Definition
| The destruction of a neurotransmitter by an enzyme after its release. |
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Term
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Definition
A neurotransmitter found in the brain, spinal cord, and parts of PNS
-responsible for muscular contraction |
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Term
| Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) |
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Definition
| The enzyme that destroys ACh soon after it is liberated by the terminal buttons, thus terminating the post synaptic potential |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which inhibitory and excitatory post synaptic potentials summate and control the rate of firing of a neuron |
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Term
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Definition
| A receptor molecule located on a neuron that responds to the neurotransmitter released by that neuron |
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Term
| Pre synaptic inhibitation |
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Definition
The action of a pre synaptic terminal button in an axoaxonic synapse
-Reuces the amount of neurotransmitter released by the post synaptic terminal button |
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Term
| Pre synaptic facilitation |
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Definition
The action of pre synaptic terminal button in an axoaxonic synapse
-Increases the amount of neurotransmitter released by the post synaptic terminal button |
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Term
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Definition
| A naturally secreted substance that acts like a neurotransmitter except that it is not restricted to the synaptic cleft but diffuses through the extra cellular fluid |
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Term
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Definition
A chain of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds
-most neuromodulators and some hormones consist of peptide molecules |
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Definition
| A gland that liberates its secretions into the extracellular fluid around capillaries and hence into the bloodstream |
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Definition
| The type of cell that contains receptors for particular hormone and is affected by hormone |
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