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| A radical order of the Petrograd soviet that stripped officers of their authority and placed power in the hands of elected comittees of common soldiers. |
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| An ultranationalist Serbian society whose members assassinated Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian and Hungarian thrones, and his wife, Sophie, starting the "Third Balkan War." |
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| "Majority group," Lenin's camp of the russian party of Marxian socialism. |
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| The re-established tsarist secret police, which hunted down and executed thousands of real or suspected foes, sowing fear and silencing opposition. |
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| A freely elected assembly promised by the Bolsheviks, but permanently disbanded after one day under Lenin's orders after the Bolsheviks won less than one forth of the elected delegates. |
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| A permanent international organization established during the peace conference in Paris in January 1919, designed to protect member states from aggression and avert future wars. |
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| The British passenger liner sunk by a German submarine that claimed 1,000 lives. |
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| A huge, fluctuating mass meeting of two to three thousand workers, soldiers and socialist intellectuals, modeled on the revolutionary soviets of 1905. |
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| A conservative alliance which linked the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Germany and Russia against radical movements. |
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| The governments of each nation in WW1 began to control social life in order to make the military at its best. |
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| Treaty by which Germany's army was limited to 100,000 men and Germany was declared responsible for the war and had therefore to pay reparations equal to all civilian damages caused by the war. |
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| Fighting behind rows of trenches, mines and barbed wire, the cost in lives was staggering and the gains in territory minimal. |
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| Alliance of Great Britain, France, and Russia in the First World War. |
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| The Bolsheviks seized grain from peasants, introduced rationing, nationalized all banks and industry, and required everyone to work. |
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| Masterminded by Walter Rathenau, set up by the German government to ration and distribute raw materials. |
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