Term
|
Definition
| includes all of those processes by which an animal takes in, digests, absorbs, stores and uses food(nuitireints) to meet metabolic needs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is the chemical and/or mechanical breakdown of food into particles that individual cells of animals can absorb |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Carbohydrates- sugar/starches, glucose, glycolysis
Lipids
protiens |
|
|
Term
| Micronutrients---> 1. vitamins and 2. minerals |
|
Definition
Vitamins
-water soluble or fat soluble
-
minerals
-calcium potassium sodium (macrominerals)
-iodine, iron, zinc ( microminerals) |
|
|
Term
| How many vitamins do humans need for good health? How do we categorize these vitamins? |
|
Definition
water soluble (B, C, volic acid)
Fat soluble ( A, D,E, K)
we catogize them into fat and water soluble ..duh |
|
|
Term
| Why do we need iron, iodine, zinc, potassium, sodium and calcium |
|
Definition
Iron- red blood cells??
iodine- thyroid (iodine deficiency = gloier! hahah)
zinc-
potassium-
sodium-
calcium- bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| enzymes break down food in food vacuole after getting into the cell through endocytosis. digested in the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| emzymes break down food outside the cell in the gut cavity |
|
|
Term
Feeding mechanisms
1. Feeding on particulate matter (what does?) |
|
Definition
Suspension-feeding (use cilliated surfaces to draw food to their mouths and mucus sheaths to convey food to their digestive tracts)
deposit-feeder (worms, the yingest sediment and digest nutrients and then pass their remains throug hthe anus
filter-feeder (form of suspension feeding ,, they have devices that strain food from water) whales?? |
|
|
Term
Feeding Mechanisms-->
2. Feeding on solid food masses (what does?) |
|
Definition
Herbivory- gastropod radula, insects, mandables pitcher mouth parts in insects
Predation-mammals, animals feeding on eachotehr |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most suspension-feeders use ciliated surfaces to draw food into their mouths and mucous sheets to convey food particles to their digestive tracts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
is a form of suspension-feeding
filterfeeders have devices that strain food |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| deposit-feeders ingest large quantities of sediment (soil, mud, sand), digest nutreitns and pass the remains out of the anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
herbivores consume plants or unicellular algae
various modicfications of mouthparts associated with herbivory
-mandibles of herbivorous insects
-gastropod radula
-beak-like jaws of cephalopds |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
numerous adaptations for procuring and manipulating solid food
Classifiction of predtors is BASED ON HOW THEY OBTAIN PREY
Motile stlkers, lurking predators (toad waits), sessile opportunists, grazers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. many insects are phytophagous (feed on plant fluids)
-butterflies
-moths
-aphids
2. Many parasites are fluid-feeders
-mosquitoes
-leeches
-hookworms (2 spp. affect humans-live n intestine) (nematodes)
-sea lamprey (jawessfish- suck ut bodily fluids and some tissues a problem in the great lake, thy have a monified mouth part to suck the inards out gross tongues) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
large central cavity of cnidarians and flatworms that recives and digests food
has a SINGLE opening serving as both mouth and anus
invertabrates (cnidarian, flatworm
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
complete, 2 openings
nematode
anelids
insects (specialization)
arthropods |
|
|
Term
Tongues functions in
lamprey
frog
chameleon
fish
woodpecker |
|
Definition
lampreys- modified teeth around lips, tounge has teeth adapted to attatch to fish, tear off flesh, sucking out body content
frog- long toung
chameleon-extends out of body some distance to obtain prey items
bony fish- not muscular tonge teeth on tone to hold prety othen manipultate brin to back of throat
woodpecker- to peck out insects on the surface of a tree |
|
|
Term
dentition
snakes
mammal dog
mammal deer
beaver rodent
elephant
human |
|
Definition
snakes-teeth posteriorly curved
mammal dog- large canines
mammal deer-no cannines large molars ((most mammals heterodont)
beaver rodent-large gap between front teeth and back, long curved front teeth, DIASTAMA
elephant-tusks, insizers teeth
human
heterodont** having a series of teeth specialized for different functions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Is the lower portion of esophaagus expanded, continuously processing food, store food in crop to get digested as needed, HIGH METABOLIC ACTIVITY
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscular grinding organ, contains grit or stones ingested by bird, because birds no teeth, get mechanical breakdown of food entering in
reptileswth gizzard- alligator and crocodile |
|
|
Term
Ruminant digestive tract- cows, sheep, elk, bison, water buffalo, goats, giraffes, caribou and deer are RUMINANTS
what is unique to their digestive tract |
|
Definition
4 chambered stomach
1 Rumen- microorganism start break down here
2 Reticulum- pulpy mass, regurgitate and chew CUDhasn't been broken down
from the reticuum the cud does steps one adn two again and then goes on to the third part o stomach
3 osmasum
4aboasum (true stomach) with digestive enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| AMYLASE and STARCH begin processing food here, 4 saliva glands to moisten food, easier to swwallow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscular contractions
PERISTALSIS moves food throug htract, transport tube, back of throat to stomach no digestion here, muscular contractions to move material result in peristalsis moves material throug heven against GRAVITY! |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
muscular organ, churning HCL and PEPSIN
pepsiN is a digeistive protien |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
part way into pelvic cavity
MOST nutrients abosrbtion CHEMICAL DIGESTION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
between small and large intestine,
APPENDIX comes from cecum or in some way relates... vestigal organ |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -bacteria synthesize vitamin K , vitamin K is a clotting factor , salts reabsored, water, rectum, anal canal, anus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
food does not pass through them
liver, gall bladder and pancreas |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| release amylase, in mouth which starts the digestion process and makes food easier to swallow |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produces BILE main funcition
acts on fats or lipids
EMULSIFIES prepares fats to be CHEMICALLY DIGESTED |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
store and concentrate bile
-if you have it removed, limit fat intake for a while |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
produces DIGESTIVE ENZYMES AND SODIUM BICARBONATE to NUETRALIZE acidic secretions in small intestines
endocrine funcion and digestive function
-released into small intesine neutralied acidic content of small intestine |
|
|
