Term
| Health care implications for managers and policy makers |
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Definition
- Health status of a population determines health care utilization--planning health service is determined by health trends and demographics
- The health appraisal should determine education, prevention, and therapies
- Evaluating health care organizations on contributions made to community
- Use of justice and equity a concern
- measure of health status and utilization to evaluate: existing program, plan new strategies, measure progress, discontinue a service.
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Term
What is health according to medical model?
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Definition
| Absence of illness and disease |
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Term
| What is health according to Society for Academic Medicine? |
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Definition
| A state of physical and mental well-being that facilitates the achievements of individual and societal goals |
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Term
| What is WHO's definition of health? |
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Definition
| a complete state of physical, mental and social well being, not just merely the absence of disease |
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Term
| 3 main principles of health promotion and dz prevention |
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Definition
- understand risk factors--done through health risk appraisal
- Interventions for counteracting risk factors
- behavior modification
- therapeutic (primary, secondary, tertiary)
3. Adequate public health and social services |
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Term
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Definition
| A variety of services believed to improve a person's health and well-being |
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Term
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Definition
| Emphasizes the well-being of every aspect of what makes a person whole and complete. Incorporates the spiritual dimension as a fourth element--in addition to the physical, mental, and social aspects--as necessary for optimal health. |
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Term
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Definition
| Seeks to treat the individual as a whole person |
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Term
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Definition
| activities undertaken to reduce the probability that a disease will develop in the future. Ex: Smoking cessation to prevent lung disease; Handwashing to decrease spread of infection |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to factors considered important by patients, such as environmental comfort, security, interpersonal relations, personal preferences, and autonomy in making decisions when institutionalized. It also includes overall satisfaction with life during and following a person's encounter with the health care delivery system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Attributes that increase the likelihood of developing a particular disease or negative health condition in the future |
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Term
| Tripartite or Epidemiology Model |
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Definition
- Host--the organism, usually a human.
- Agent--e.g TB, smoke, bad diet (presence of TB does not assure host will be ill
- Environment--external to the host to enhance or reduce disease
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Term
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Definition
- Smoking
- Substance abuse
- lack of physical exercise
- High fat diet
- improper use of motor relations
- unsafe sex
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Term
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Definition
| relatively severe, episodic (of short duration) and often treatable (i.e. MI, sudden kidney interruption) |
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Term
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Definition
| a less severe phase of an acute illness. Requires treatment after discharge from a hospital. Ex: ventilator and head trauma care. |
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Term
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Definition
| Persists over time, is not severe, but is generally irreversible. Can be controlled, but if left untreated, the condition may lead to life-threatening problems. Ex: asthma, diabetes, HTN |
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Term
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Definition
| Early detection and treatment of dz to block progression of dz or injury. Ex: pap smears, mammograms, prostate exams |
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Term
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Definition
| Rehabilitation and monitoring to prevent further injury or complications from chronic conditions. Ex: regular turning of bed-bound patients prevents further illness and injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| injury or illness caused by the process of medical care. hospitals and nursing homes are designed to prevent this by infection control practices. |
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Term
what are the 4 dimensions of holistic health?
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Definition
- Physical
- Social
- Mental
- Spiritual
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Term
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Definition
| Growth in skill and capacity to function normally |
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Term
| What is the importance of early childhood development? |
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Definition
- Expectant mothers need adequate prenatal care.
- Adequate child care is needed, especially during the first few years of growth.
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Term
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Definition
| Deals with broad societal concerns about ensuring conditions that promote optimum health for the society as a whole. It involves the application of scientific knowledge to counteract disease outbreaks and protect the general population. |
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Term
| What are 3 differences between the practices of medicine and public health? |
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Definition
- Medicine focuses on individual patient--diagnosing symptoms, treating and preventing disease, relieving pain and suffering, and maintaining or restoring normal function. Public health, focuses on populations.
- Emphasis in modern medicine are on biological causes of disease and developing treatments and therapies. Public health focuses on identifying environmental, social, and behavioral risk factors that cause disease and on developing and implementing population-wide interventions to minimize these risk factors.
- Medicine focues on treatment of disease and recovery of health, whereas public health deals with various efforts to prevent disease and promote health.
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Term
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Definition
| Deals with preventing the spread of disease through water, air, and food. |
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Term
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Definition
| Encompasses the use of chemical, biological, and nuclear agents to cause harm to relatively large civilian populations. (Hint: signed into law by President Bush after 9/11) |
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Term
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Definition
| Major factors, that over time, affect the health and well-being of individuals |
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Term
| What are Blum's 4 major inputs that contributed to health and well-being? |
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Definition
- Environment
- Lifestyle
- Heredity
- Medical Care
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Term
| What are some main beliefs and values predominant in the American culture? |
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Definition
- The advancement of science--helped to create the medical model
- A champion of capitalism--an economic good
- Entrepreneurial spirit and self determination
- A concern for the underprivileged--poor, elderly, disabled
- Free enterprise and distrust of gov't
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Term
| 2 fundamental questions arise with regard to how scarce health care resourcess should be used |
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Definition
- how much health care should be produced?
- How should health care be distributed?
- Distribution creates inequalities
- Need justice and fairness
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Term
| Two theories of equitable distribution |
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Definition
Market justice and Social justice |
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Term
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Definition
- Health care is an Economic good governmed by free market forces and supply and demand
- Fair distribution of health care to the market forces in a free economy.
- Medical services distributed on the basis of people's willingness and ability to pay.
- market works best w/o interference from gov't
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Term
| Market justice in association w/ Classical Ethical Theory (Deontology) |
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Definition
- Deontology emphasizes individual responsibilities!
- physician is duty-bound to do whatever is necessary to restore a pt's health
- individuals is responsible for paying physician
- poor is served by charity
- ignores societal good and people's responsibility to the community
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Term
| Market Justice in association with libertarianism |
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Definition
- Equity is achieved when resources are distributed according to merits
- Health care distributed according to minimal standards and financed through willingness to pay
- Health care is not a central priority
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Term
| "Rationing by ability to pay", demand side rationing, or price rationing |
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Definition
| Limitations to obtaining health care. Those not able to pay have barriers to health care. |
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Term
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Definition
- The good society
- the equitable distribution of health care is society' responsibility--best when a central agency is responsible for production and distribution of health care
- Health care is a social good
- health care should be based on need rather than cost
- there is a shared responsibility for health
- there is an obligation to the collective good--well being of community is superior than that of the individual
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes happiness and welfare for the masses; it ignores the individual. social justice is consistent with this theory. |
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Term
| Supply-side rationing/planned rationing |
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Definition
| To distribute limited health care resources, the gov't engages in this. Gov't limits the supply of health care services, particularly those beyond the basic level of care. |
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Term
| Community health assessment |
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Definition
| A method used to conduct broad assessments of populations at a local or state level. Collaboration with: public health agencies, hospitals, and other providers |
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Term
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Definition
| An indicator of health and well-being |
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Term
| Physical health status is interpreted through what? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
a prediction of how long a person will live--widely used as a basic measure of health status.
- Life expectancy at birth
- Life expectancy at age 65
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Term
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Definition
| all people in the same community or group who can acquire a disease or a condtion |
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Term
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Definition
| a number of new cases occuring in the population at risk/perior of time |
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Term
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Definition
| a large number of people who get a specific disease from a common source |
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Term
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Definition
| Determines the total number of cases at a specific point in time, in a defined population. |
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Term
| Activities of Daily Living (ADL) |
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Definition
Evaluates seven activities of self care & mobility:
- Feeding
- bathing
- dressing
- using the toilet
- transferring
- grooming
- walking eight feet
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Term
| Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) |
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Definition
Evaluates activities necessary for independent living
- using phone
- driving a car, traveling on bus, taxi
- shopping
- preparing meals
- doing heavy housework
- taking meds
- handling money
- walking up/down stairs
- walk 1/2 mi w/o help
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Term
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Definition
| Total deaths/total population |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths within a certain age group/total number of persons in that age group |
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Term
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Definition
| number of deaths from a specific disease/total population |
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Term
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Definition
| Number of deaths from birth to one year of age/number of live births that same year |
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Term
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Definition
| Birth rate; Measured by crude birth rate (number of live births/total population) |
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Term
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Definition
- capacity of a population to reproduce
- measured by fertility rate (number of live births/number of females 15-44 years old)
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Term
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Definition
| the geographic movement of populations between defined geographic units and a permanent change of address |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The consumption of health care services or the extent to which health care services are used |
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