Term
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Definition
| the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species |
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Term
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Definition
| ordered division and naming of organisms, linnaeus is important because of 2 naming species |
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Term
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Definition
| 2 part scientific nameing of a speies |
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Term
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Definition
| 1st part of the name is genus, 2nd part is called specific epithet |
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Term
| Hierarchal classification |
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Definition
broad to narrow
the broader taxa are not comparable between lineages |
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Term
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Definition
| a taxonomic unit at any level of hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| decpict evolutionary relationships in branching phylogenetic trees |
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Term
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Definition
phylogenetic trees show patterns of descent, not phenotypic similarity
phylogenetic trees do not indicate when a species evolved or how much change occurred in a lineage
we should not assume that a taxon evolved from a taxon next to it |
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Term
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Definition
| phenotypic and genetic similarities due to shared ancestry |
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Term
| sorting homology from anology |
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Definition
more complex a structure is the more likely homologic
homoplasies
molecular data, molecular similarities |
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Term
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Definition
| similarity due to shared ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
| similarity due to convergent evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| groups organisms by a common descent |
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Term
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Definition
| group of species that includes an ancestral species and all its decendants |
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Term
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Definition
| a valid clade, consists of the ancestor species and all its descendents |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of an ancestral species and some, but not all of its descendants |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of various species with different ancestors |
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Term
| shared ancestral character |
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Definition
| a character that originated in an ancestor of the taxon |
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Term
| A shared derived character |
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Definition
| is an evolutionary novelty unique to a particular clade |
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Term
| characters shared by the outgroup and ingroup |
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Definition
are ancestral characters that predate the divergence of both groups from a common ancestor
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Term
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Definition
| assumes that the tree that requires the fewest evolutionary events |
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Term
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Definition
| allows to predict features of ancestors from features of its descendents |
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Term
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Definition
increases the number of genes in the genome providing more opportunities for evolutionary change
like homologous genes duplicated genes can be traced to a common ancestor |
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Term
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Definition
repeated gene duplications result in gene families
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Term
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Definition
| found in a single copy in the genome and are homologous between species diverge only after speciation occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| gene duplication not homologic |
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Term
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Definition
| uses constant rates of evolution in some genes to estimate the absolute time of evolutionary change |
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Term
| To extend molecular phylogenies beyond the fossil record |
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Definition
| we must make an assumption on how change occurs over time |
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Term
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Definition
most evolutionary change in genes and proteins has no effect on fitness not influenced by natural selection
changes in these should be like a clock very regular |
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Term
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Definition
does not run as smoothly
dna changes favor one over other
use of multiple genes may improve estimates
have a degree of uncertainty |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of genes from one genome to another |
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