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| Any substance that occupies spce and has mass |
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| Particle of matter composed of one or more smaller units called atomes |
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| Smallest article of a pure substance (element) that still has the chemical properties of that substance; composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons (subatomic particles) |
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| Positively charged particle within the nucleus of an atom |
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| Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom |
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| Electrically neutral particle within the nucleus of an atom |
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| Spherical structure within a cell; a group of neuron cell bodies in the brain or spinal cord; central core of the atom, made up of protons and (sometimes) neutron |
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| Combined total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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| Total number of protons in an atom's nucleus; atoms of each element have a characteristic atomic number |
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| Limited region surrounding the nucleus of an atom at a certain distance containing electrons; also called a shell |
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| Pure substance, composed of only one type of atom |
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| Substance whose molecules have more than one kind of element in them |
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| Chemical bond formed by the positive- negative attraction between two ions |
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| When a compound breaks apart in solution |
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| substance that ionizes (dissociates to form ions) in solution, rendering the solution capable of conducting an electric current |
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| Chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons by overlapping their energy levels (electron shells) |
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| Compound whose large molecules contain carbon and that include C-C bonds and/ or C-H bonds |
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| Compound whose molecules do not contain carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds |
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| Substance in which other substances are dissolved; for example, in salt water the water is the solvent for salt |
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| Liquid mixture in which water is the solvent; for example, salt water is an aqueous solution because water is the solvent |
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| Chemical reaction in which large molecules are formed by removing water from smaller molecules and joining them together |
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| Any substance entering (and being changed by) a chemical reaction |
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| Any substance formed as a result of a chemical reaction |
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| Chemical reaction in which water is added to a large molecule causing it to break apart into smaller molecules |
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| A chemical that when dissolved in water, reduces the relative concentration of H+ irons in the whole solution (sometimes by adding OH- ions) |
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| In the context of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) base or nitrogen base refers to one part of a nucleotide (sugar, phosphate, and base) that is the basic building block of nucleic acid molecules; possible bases include adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil |
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| Base; any substance that when dissolve in water, contributes to an excess of OH ions (thus creating a high pH) |
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| Mathematical expression of relative H+ concentration (acidity); pH value higher than 7 is basic, pH value less than 7 is acidic, pH values equal to 7 is neutral |
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| Organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in certain specific proportions (C,H,O in 1:2:1 ratio); for example, sugars, starches, and cellulose |
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| Organic molecule usually composed of glycerol and fatty acid units; types include triglycerides, phospholipids,and cholesterol; a fat, wax, or oil |
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| The two nucleic acids are ribonucleic acid, found in the cytoplasm, and deoxyribonucleic acid, found in the nucleus; made up of units called nucleo tides that each include a phosphate, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen base |
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| Polysaccharide made up of a chain of glucose (monosaccharide) |
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| Lipid that is synthesized from fatty acids and glycerol or from excess glucose or amino; stored mainly in adipose tissue cells |
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| Phosphate- containing fat molecule found in cell membranes; one end of the molecule is water-soluble and the other end is lipid-soluble |
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| Steroid lipid found in all body cell membranes and in animal fat present in food |
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| Category of chemical units from which protein molecules are built; essential amino acids are those that must be in the diet but nonessential amino acids can be missing from the diet because they can be made by the body |
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| covalent bond linking amino acids within a protein molecule |
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| A functional protein acting as a biochemical catalyst allowing chemical reactions to take place in a suitable timeframe |
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| Concept that explains how molecules react when they fit together in a complementary way in the same manner that a key fits into a lock to cause the lock to open or close; the analogy is often used to explain the action of hormones, enzymes, and other biological molecules |
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| Hardening of the arteries; lipid deposits lining the inside of the arteries |
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| Shape of DNA molecules; a double spiral |
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