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chapter 2
life's chemical basis
20
Biology
Undergraduate 1
12/16/2008

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Term
the three subatomic particles that form the atom
Definition
proton, neutron, electron
Term
charge carried by protons, electrons
Definition
positive, negative (p+, e-)
Term
atomic number
Definition
the number of protons in an atom's nucleus
Term
mass number
Definition
total number of electrons and protons
Term
# of naturally occuring elements
Definition
92
Term
chemical bonding
Definition
sharing & trading of electrons between atoms with vacancies in their outermost orbit
Term
compound
Definition
molecules that consist of 2+ elements in properties that never vary (H20, for example)
Term
mixture
Definition
two or more molecules intermingling without bonding
Term
ion
Definition
an atom with either a positive (more protons than electrons) or negative (more electrons than protons) charge
Term
ionic bond
Definition
close association of atoms with opposite charges after one atom dones an electron to the other
Term
covalent bond
Definition
two atoms share one electron (both fill their vacancies, and are "attached" at the electron)
Term
nonpolar covalent bond
Definition
two identical atoms share the electron equally
Term
polar covalent bond
Definition
two different atoms share an electron, with one pulling the electron nearer to itself, thus giving the two atoms slightly opposite charges
Term
hydrogen bond
Definition
the bond between a hydrogen atom involved in a polar covalent bond (thus having a slight positive charge) and another atom from the same or different molecule
Term
temperature
Definition
measure of molecular motion
Term
solute
Definition
dissolved substance
Term
pH scale
Definition
measures level of hydrogen ions in a solutions to determine how acidic or alkaline
Term
acids
Definition
substances that donate hydrogen atoms
Term
bases
Definition
substances that accept hydrogen atoms
Term
salt
Definition
compound that dissolves easily in water and releases ions other than H
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