• It was an attempt to improve our relations with latin America
• Hoover began it.  FDR expanded (stregthened) it
• Retracted teh Roosevelt Corollary which had given teh US teh right to intervene in those countries

• Fascist Government (Mussolini): a one party dictatorship.  A government subscribing to a philosophy of dictatorship that merges the interest of the state, armed forces, and big businesses
• Nazism(Hitler): Hitler's goal to establish a new empire, the Third Reich, and to purify the German race.
• Treaty of Versailles: Some Germans, Italians, and Japanese felt that the treaty failed to recognize them as world powers.  Hitler pledged to restore german pride an dnationalism int eh aftermath of the Versailles Treaty
• Communism
• Apeasement
• Alliances and Lend-Lease Act: An act passed by the United States government that enabled the US to provide allied nations with war material while the US was still an neutral country
• Isolationism (Neutrality)
• Depression (World and US)

US-FDR/Truman

France

Great Britain-Winston Churchill

Russia-Joseph Stalin

China

Egypt

US=FDR/Harry Truman

FDR died in office one month before the surrender of Germany and end of the war

Britain=Winston Churchill (prime minister of Britain)

he wanted appeasement, and he mobilized the allied forces

Russia=Joseph Stalin

Lenin establishes the Soviet Union ina communist revolution.  When Stalin takes over he ends private ownershiop of farms and property.  Millions die from starvation.  Killed anyone in opposition to him

Italy-Mussolini

Germany-Hitler

Japan-Emperor Hirohito adn Hideki Tojo

Libya

Germany=Hitler

leader of the nazi party. wrote Mein Kampf (basic beliefs of nazism extreme).  wanted to unite German speaking people and enforce racial "purification". 1/3 of Germans were unemployed.  Hitler dismantled the democratic party and established the third reich.  He killed himself before he could be arrested for war crimes

Italy=Mussolini

dictator of Italy.  He played on peoples economic fears and fears of communism. He takes control of Itlay and establishes a totalitarian state.  After the war he was hung at a gas station

Japan= Emperor Hirohito adn Hideki Tojo

are the emperor and mastermind behind pearl harbor. Tojo died 1948, which was 3 years after the war when he was trialed for war crimes and found guilty.  Japans main goals were to invade Mantura (part of China) because they needed "living space and natural resources".  They also wanted a Japanese aircraft to bomb US gunboat "Penay"

"night of teh broken glass"

A massive attack on Jews throughout Germany on November 9, 1938.  Smashed shop windows, looted stores, ransacked Jewish homes, killed dozens of Jews, 20,000 jews arrested.  2 days later the German gov. imposded an "atonement fine", so the jews had to pay for all the property damage.

(the party came after a 17 year old boy shot and killed a member of the German Embassy)

When France was scared of Germany, so they built a giant wall to try and keep Germany out.

(German's just went around it anyway)

*Sitzkrieg or phony war as France sat behind its Maginot Line, a supposedly invincible line of defensive fortification built to protect France's eastern border.

Blitzkrieg

"lightening warfare"

Germany typically did it.

attack, attack, attack then back off -like lightening.  used tanks to punch a hole in opponents defensive line, then retreat.

1.  Invade Mantura (part of China) because Japanese need "living space and natural resources"

2.  Japanese aircraft bombs US gunboat "Penay"

1.  Get back land that they felt was unjustly taken from them in the Treaty of Versailles

2.  unite German speaking people

3.  Enforce racial "purification" 

4.  Dismantle teh democratic party and establish the third reich

*These laws denied civil rights to Jews

Similar to the Jim Crow Laws in white Americans made for blacks, but Germans made these for Jews.

*supplied allied nations with war materials*

Allowed GB to “borrow” military equipment for duration of war. After the election of 1941, Churchill informed Roosevelt that Britain could no longer afford to purchase war supplies. The president responded by persuading Congress to replace "cash-and-carry" with "Lend-Lease," which gave the president authority to sell, exchange, lend, or lease war materiel to any country whose defense was vital to U.S. security.

1.  make the world safe for self-government

2.  stop dictatorship

3.  freedom of the seas

4.  trade with whoever they want with no boundaries

Prime Minsiter Windton Churchill and Prez FDR boarded a warship off coast of Newfoundland.  They agreed on a Joint Proclamation saying teh US and Britain would fight to "ensure life, liberty, independance and religious freedom and to preserve the rights of man and justice".

  Served as a foundation for the United Nations.

Their goal aws to make the world safe for self-government, stop dictatorship, and wanted freedom of the seas with no boundaries

Japan was trying to conquer Asia to capture oil supplies.  The US prohibited all exports of oil and fuel to Japan. US put an embargo on Japanese goods (won't trade with them) trying to send them a message that we don't like what their doing (their aggresion and teh fact that they dont' support self gov.  FDR also froze all Japanese bank accounts). Japan gets pissed off at US.  Japanese gov falls.

Fought inflation with price controls and rationing.

Tried to convince Americans to buy the war bonds that financed half the war spending.

*The belief or behavior hostile toward Jews just because they are Jewish.

Antisemitism in America reached its peak during the interwar period. (Henry Ford, Father Charles Coughlin influenced immigration policy)

Isolationism explains why the US was hesitant to allow Jewish refugees into our nation*The US took in 10% of the amount of Jews the quota allowed by law.  Congress refused to raise immigration quotas to admit 20,000 jewish children fleeing nazi oppression.  FDR created the War Refugee Board which set up refugee camps in Italy, North Africa, and US

Office of Scientific Research Development

(OSRD)

Biggest scientific effort (and secret) of the war was to build the atomic bomb called the Manhattan Project

1. Existing factories retool to make war equipment and new factories turned out thousands of planes and ships.
2. 40 percent of military production was coming from the US by 1944

African Americans

"Double V Campaign"

AA's wanted Victory for equality and Victory in teh war with Europe.

-Native Americans

NA's made up the highest percentage of any ethnic goup (minority) to fight in the military

• Rosie the Riveter encouraged women to work by poster images of strong, handsome women and to change American attitudes about working women  
• Worked in aircraft factories etc
• Women in work force increased by 6 million to 19 million

112,000 Japanese Americans on west coast were forcibly moved to ten internment camps. Known as Executive Order 9906  

442^nd Regimental Combat Team (japanese) was the most decorated unit in the European War.      

Korematsu v. United States (1944)upheld the internment order. -said it was ok to put Japanese in internment camps

Marriage rate goes upDraft targets single men first, married men, then married men with children

Latchkey kids – kids that now have to stay at home by themselves because both parents are working to support the family

 Scrap drives and bond rallies