Term
| Where is the DNA in our cells? |
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Definition
| In the nucleus, packaged in chromosomes. |
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Term
| Who helped identify DNA as the genetic material? (2) |
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Definition
| Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery 1928 |
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Term
| In 1953 who show that virus genes are made of DNA? |
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Definition
| Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase |
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Term
What did Hershey and Chase learn from this experiment?
[image] |
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Definition
Conclusions:
Viral DNA is injected into cells
Proteins stay outside of infected cells
Therefore, DNA is the genetic material |
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Term
| Who proposed the first structure of the DNA? |
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Definition
| 1953: James Dewey Watson & Dr. Francis Crick |
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Term
| What are the three parts that make up the polymer of the Nucleotide? |
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Definition
Sugar – deoxyribose
Phosphate – one P and four O
Nitrogen bases – ring with one of four possible bases |
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Term
| What is the physcial structure of D.N.A.? |
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Definition
1. Forms a ladder-like structure
- phosphates and deoxyribose sugars are the sides of the ladder bases are the rungs of the ladder
2. Forms a double helix
DNA twists onto itself forming a spiral
[image] |
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Term
| What bond holds the Nucleotide together? |
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Definition
| covalent bonding (very strong) |
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Term
| Base pairs are held together by .... |
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Definition
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Term
| What does DNA polymerase do? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Made of long chains of amino acids
proteins run living organisms
A. enzymes - control all chemical reactions in living organisms
B. structure - all living organisms are built out of proteins |
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Term
| What are the matching bases when copying DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps of replicating DNA? (2) |
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Definition
1. Double Stranded DNA unzips using DNA polymerase.
2. Build daughter DNA strand using original unzipped DNA as the template. |
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Term
| Unzipped is used to make both ......... and ............. . |
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Definition
| - copies of DNA and Proteins |
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Term
| What are proteins made of? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the steps to making protein? (3) |
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Definition
1. Unzip DNA - (Nucleus)
2. transcription of DNA to MRNA
3. Translation at the Ribosome - TRNA
bring Amino Acids to MRNA in cytoplasm.
[image] |
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Term
| What are the base pairs in RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| three bases that code for an amino acid |
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Term
| What are the three types of RNA? |
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Definition
1. mRNA - Messenger RNA
2. tRNA - transport RNA
3. rRNA - ribosome RNA
3. rRNA |
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Term
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Definition
Carries instructions from nucleus to ribosome
Contain a sequence of codons (three bases that code for an amino acid) |
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Term
| What is the function of rRNA? |
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Definition
Ribosomal RNA
Combines with proteins to make ribosomes
Ribosomes are the structures that assemble proteins |
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Term
| What is the function of tRNA? |
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Definition
Transfer RNA
Picks up amino acids and carries them to the ribosome so they can be attached to the amino acid chain
Contain an anticodon on one end and the amino acid on the other
Anticodon – 3 bases complementary to the mRNA codon |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 bases complementary to the mRNA codon |
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Term
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Definition
Making RNA from DNA
DNA strand is the template (pattern) |
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Term
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Definition
- mRNA used to make protein
- mRNA attaches to ribosome
Each mRNA codon codes for one amino acid
tRNA picks up an amino acid and brings it to the mRNA
The amino acids bond making a chain |
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Term
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Definition
| sets of genes that turn other genes on and off. |
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Term
| What can control gene expression? |
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Definition
Type of sugar present
Development genes in plants controlled by light
Temperature controls fur color in Himalayan rabbits
Incubation temperature of some reptiles |
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