Term
| DNA-dependent RNA polymerase |
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Definition
| requires (in addition to a DNA template) all four ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphates as precursors of the nucleotide units as well as Mg2+ |
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Definition
| the strand that serves as template for RNA synthesis |
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Term
| nontemplate strand (coding strand) |
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Definition
| the DNA strand complementary to the template; is identical in base sequence to the RNA transcribed from the gene (with U in the RNA in place of the T in the DNA) |
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Definition
| specific sequences in the DNA to which an RNA polymerase binds; direct the transcription of adjacent segments of DNA |
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Definition
| formed from certain nucleotides that are particularly common at each position despite the sequence not being identical for all bacterial promoters in a certain class |
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Term
| cAMP receptor protein (CRP) |
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Definition
| a protein that activates transcription in E. coli; increases the transcription of genes coding for enzymes that metabolize sugars other than glucose when cells are grown in the absence of glucose |
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Definition
| proteins that block the synthesis of RNA at specific genes |
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Definition
| an array of proteins required by RNA polymerase II; needed to form the active transcription complex |
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Term
| general transcription factors |
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Definition
| required at every Pol II promoter & are highly conserved in all eukaryotes |
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Definition
| the antibiotic that inhibits the elongation of RNA strands by RNA polymerase in both bacteria & eukaryotes |
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Definition
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Definition
| inhibits bacterial RNA synthesis by binding to the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerases, preventing the promoter clearance step of transcription |
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Definition
| disrupts mRNA formation in animal cells by blocking Pol II & Pol III (at higher concentrations) |
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Definition
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Definition
| a newly synthesized RNA molecule |
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Definition
| introns are removed from the primary transcript & exons are joined to form a continuous sequence that specifies a functional polypeptide |
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Term
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Definition
| found in most eukaryotic mRNAs; a residue of 7-methylguanosine linked to the 5'-terminal residue of the mRNA through an unusual 5',5'-triphosphate linkage |
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Term
| What is the relationship between spliceosomal introns & spliceosome? |
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Definition
| Spliceosomal introns go through removal that occurs within & is catalyzed by a large protein complex called a spliceosome |
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Term
| small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) |
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Definition
| 100 to 200 nucleotide long eukaryotic RNAs, one of which is in each snRNP |
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Term
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Definition
| a string of 80 to 250 A residues at the 3' end of most eukaryotic mRNAs |
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Definition
| adds A residues after cleavage generates the free 3'-hydroxyl group that defines the end of the mRNA |
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Definition
| precursors that make ribosomal RNAs of bacterial, archaeal, & eukaryotic cells; AKA pre-rRNAs |
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Definition
| snoRNA-protein complexes; consists of a snoRNA & four or five proteins (including the enzyme that carries out the modification) |
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Definition
| a special class of RNAs involved in gene regulation |
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Definition
| a segment that allows the intron to be very precise in its excision reaction; can base-pair with exon sequences near the 5' splice site |
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Definition
| a complex of up to 10 conserved 3'-->5' exoribonucleases in all eukaryotes; involved in the processing of the 3' end of rRNAs, tRNAs, & some special-function RNAs (as well as the degradation of mRNAs) |
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